新文科人才培养何以实现--基于中英两所大学PPE专业人才培养方案的案例研究

How to Cultivate Interdisciplinary New Liberal Arts Talents:A Case Study Based on the Training Program of PPE Major in Chinese and British Universities

新文科建设的关键在于文科人才培养模式的变革。对牛津大学和中国人民大学的哲学、政治学、经济学专业(PPE)人才培养方案进行分析发现,PPE专业集中体现了文科人才培养从传统文科到新文科的发展趋势:从侧重知识传授到注重知识、能力、素质综合发展的人才培养目标转向;从单一学科到多学科/跨学科交叉融合的课程设置逻辑转向;从“教师”单一中心到“教师-学生”双中心的教学方法选择转向;从单一终结性评价到多元评价方式并存并用的人才评价方式转向。可见,传统文科遵循知识逻辑培养单一学科专业人才的模式正逐渐被新文科遵循应用逻辑造就跨学科综合性高素质人才的模式取代。为此,新文科建设应更加注重跨学科的知识体系、实践应用能力以及全面发展的人格素质培养;从多学科知识罗列的课程结构走向不同学科知识的跨学科交叉融合;综合运用“教师中心”(ITTF)和“学生中心”(CCSF)相结合的教学方法;善于使用结果评价、过程评价、增值评价与综合评价等多种评价方式。

The key to the construction of new liberal arts lies in the reform of liberal arts talent training mode.By analyzing the talent training programs of philosophy,political science and economics(PPE)in Oxford University and Renmin University of China,it is found that PPE mainly reflects the development trend of liberal arts talent training from traditional liberal arts to new liberal arts:focusing on from knowledge transfer to the comprehensive development of knowledge,ability and quality,from single discipline to interdisciplinary/interdisciplinary integration in the logical turn of curriculum setting,the choice of teaching methods from“teacher”single center to“teacher and student”double center,and from the single summative evaluation to the coexistence and use of multiple evaluation methods.It can be seen that the traditional liberal arts training mode of single discipline professionals following the knowledge logic is gradually being replaced by the new liberal arts training mode of interdisciplinary comprehensive high-quality talents following the application logic.Therefore,the construction of new liberal arts should pay more attention to the cultivation of interdisciplinary knowledge system,practical application ability and all-round personality quality,from the curriculum structure of“multi-disciplinary”knowledge to the interdisciplinary integration of different disciplinary knowledge,comprehensively using the teaching method of the combination of“teacher centered”(ITTF)and“student centered”(CCSF),be good at using a variety of evaluation methods,such as result evaluation,process evaluation,value-added evaluation and comprehensive evaluation.