开放街区在中国

New Urban Street-Block System in China

自中央城市工作会议及会后文件正式提出"街区制住宅改革"后,"原则上不再建设封闭住宅小区"引发了各界的广泛讨论。文章回溯了中国住区和邻里模式的历史演替,指出中国社会在面临选择集体住宅模式时,一贯持开放态度;在全面归纳了当前"超大封闭小区"的弊端后,提出了开放街区的"开放性"要求,进而总结了中国适用的"开放街区空间特质"。最后,结合当前街区和社区规划实践经验,回应了利益相关团体对"开放街区"的若干隐忧,肯定推进开放街区理念的合宜性。

It has already been five years since the directive of "block reform" was officially proposed by China’s Central Urban Work Conference in 2016.The opening-up attitude and prohibiting new constructions of gated communities has since become a controversial topic.By reviewing the evolution of historical communities and neighborhoods in China,this paper points out that Chinese society has always been open-minded and keen when deciding to adopt a suitable residential model as the pattern of collective habitation.After raising seven severe issues caused by "super-large gated communities" and considering the conventional Chinese public needs of the semiprivate and semi-public defensible domain,the paper then outlines the essential spatial characteristics in an urban street-block system suitable for contemporary China.Finally,it discusses nine public concerns of the non-gated community model and makes the response through successful spatial and social strategies employed by pier practices.