基于行为模式的城市开放空间声景研究

Soundscape Studies in Urban Open Spaces Based on Behavior Patterns

声景规划是提升城市开放空间的人居声环境的重要手段,然而以往的研究较少考虑行为对声景的影响。因此,文章从行为模式的视角出发,通过城市开放空间声级、声源感知和感知评价三个方面,分析了参与式行为和非参与式行为下城市开放空间中声景的差异。结果表明,城市开放空间中行为的声学特征可以分别用LAeq、LN和Lmax等指标表征;在声感知方面,非参与式行为人群的声景感知差异不大;与非参与式行为人群相比,参与声学行为的人群在声舒适度、愉悦度方面评价较高,而主观响度评价偏低;参与非声学行为人群在声舒适度、愉悦度方面评价较低,主观响度评价无显著差异。因此,可以从行为的声学特征出发,通过声景规划对空间进行设计,满足不同人群的声环境需求。

Soundscape is an important means to enhance the human residential acoustical environment in urban open spaces.However,previous studies have less considered the effects of different behaviors on soundscape.Therefore,from the perspective of behavioral patterns,this study analyzes the differences in the soundscape of participatory and non-participatory behaviors in urban open spaces through the sound level,sound source identification,and perception evaluation.The results show that the acoustic characteristics of behaviors in urban open spaces can be described by LAeq,LN,and Lmax respectively.In terms of sound pe rception,there was little difference in soundscape perception among the non-participatory behaviors.Compared to the respondents of non-participatory behaviors,the respondents of participatory acoustic behavior had a higher evaluation of acoustic comfort and pleasantness,and lower evaluation of subjective loudness.Yet,the respondents of participatory nonacoustic behaviors had a lower evaluation of acoustic comfort and pleasantness.There are no significant differences in su bjective loudness evaluation.Therefore,the urban open spaces are expected to be designed on soundscape planning from the perspective of acoustic characteristics of behaviors to fulfill the needs of a residential acoustical environment.