美国国防微电子中心应对电子元器件过时问题举措和成效研究

DMEA’s initiatives and effectiveness at addressing the obsolescence of electronic components

与大量电子元器件货架产品仅有2至5年的流通时间不同,武器装备从研制到结束服役通常历时数十年,电子元器件过时问题日趋严峻。作为美国国防部为解决该问题而成立的专职机构,美国国防微电子中心提出了存储元器件制造过程而非产品的新思路,并通过版图和工艺授权、建设专用制造和测试设施、建立“可信供应”体系认证和实施“先进技术支撑计划”等手段,较好地保障了美国国防部所需过时元器件的持续供应以及国家安全局、能源局等政府机构所需高安全等级元器件的制造。本文重点研究了美国国防微电子中心的主要职能和现有能力,梳理了其开展元器件过时管理的流程和成效,分析了制造能力建设中存在的问题等内容,最后从元器件过时和军用元器件制造能力建设两方面给出对我国的启示。

In contrast to the large number of electronic components of Commercial Off the Shelf(COTS)prod‐ucts that last from two to five years,military weapons and supplies usually have lifespans that last decades,from their development to the end of service.This longevity has amplified the problem of obsolescence of military elec‐tronic equipment.The US Defense Microelectronics Activity(DMEA)is the agency set-up by the US Department of Defense to solve this problem.It has built a complete research and development capability through layout and process authorization,the construction of special manufacturing and testing facilities,certification of“trusted sup‐pliers,”and implementation of the Advanced Technology Support Program.This has ensured a constant supply of obsolete devices as well as the manufacture of high-level security devices required by the government.This paper focuses on the main functions of the DMEA,examines its process of managing obsolete components,analyzes prob‐lems in its development of manufacturing capacity,and provides suggestions on managing obsolete devices and at‐taining the capacity needed to construct the components needed for military equipment.