2011-2020年石嘴山市新发尘肺病分布特征和粉尘作业人员健康状况分析

Distribution Characteristics Analysis of New Pneumoconiosis and Health Status among Dust-exposed Workers from 2011 to 2020 in Shizuishan City

目的分析石嘴山市新发尘肺病分布特征及粉尘作业人员的健康状况,为尘肺病防治策略的制定和完善提供科学依据。方法通过“职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统”获得石嘴山市2011—2020年新发尘肺病个案资料,分析石嘴山市新发尘肺病的时间、病种、人群等流行病学特征,对2020年参加在岗职业健康体检的粉尘作业人员的肺功能、胸片结果进行分析。结果2011—2020年石嘴山市累计报告新发尘肺病共计759例,其中壹期528例(69.57%),贰期158例(20.82%),叁期73例(9.62%),10年间病例数总体呈下降趋势,病种以煤工尘肺为主,矽肺次之。新发尘肺病患者主要为男性,平均诊断年龄(54.78±13.83)岁,平均接尘工龄(21.85±8.35)年,工种主要为掘进工和采煤工。诊断年龄与新发尘肺病期别呈正相关(P<0.05)。2020年检查粉尘作业人员11045人,肺功能异常率为12.27%,胸片尘肺样改变检出率为1.34%。随着年龄和接尘工龄的增长,肺功能异常率、尘肺样改变检出率均呈升高趋势(P均<0.05)。结论石嘴山市尘肺病防治工作初见成效,但尘肺病防治仍然是该市职业病防治的工作重点,对重点行业、重点人群应及时采取针对性措施预防尘肺病发生。

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of new pneumoconiosis and the health status among dust-exposed workers in Shizuishan City,in order to provide scientific bases for the formulation and improvement of pneumoconiosis prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods All new pneumoconiosis cases in Shizuishan City from 2011 to 2020 were obtained through the“Occupational Diseases and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System”,and the epidemiological characteristics of them including time,disease type,population and so on were analyzed.The pulmonary function and chest X-ray results of dust-exposed workers who participated in the on-the-job occupational health examination in 2020 were investigated.Results From 2011 to 2020,a total of 759 new pneumoconiosis were reported in Shizuishan City.Among them,528 cases(69.57%)were in stageⅠ158 cases(20.82%)were in stageⅡ73 cases(9.62%)were in stageⅢ.The number of cases in the past 10 years showed a downward trend.Coal workers'pneumoconiosis was the main disease type,followed by silicosis.New-onset pneumoconiosis patients are mainly males,with an average age of diagnosis(54.78±13.83)years and an average age of dust exposure(21.85±8.35)years.The types of work are mainly tunnelers and coal miners.The age at diagnosis was positively correlated with the stage of new pneumoconiosis(P<0.05).In 2020,11045 dust-exposed workers were inspected.The abnormal pulmonary function rate was 12.27%,and the detection rate of pneumoconiosis-like changes on chest radiograph was 1.34%.With the increase of age and exposure time,these two rates both showed an increasing trend(P all<0.05).Conclusion The prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in Shizuishan City has achieved preliminary results,but it is still the focus among occupational disease prevention in this city,and timely targeted measures should be taken for key industries and key populations to prevent the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.