英国海洋保护区法律体系建设及其对中国的启示

The Construction of British Marine Protected Area Legal System and Its Enlightenment to China

海洋保护区对海洋环境保护的有效程度充分反映了国家海洋发展理念。英国在海洋保护区的建设和管理上具有丰富的实践经验,形成了一套完备的海洋保护区建设法律体系,并在保护区建设上表现出协调的"国内—区域"法律制度、专属的管理机构、成熟的公众参与机制等特点。但是,英国海洋保护区在建设中也存在管理制度落实难、保护区指定效率低等问题。基于英国海洋保护区法律体系建设实践,我国可通过完善国内立法规范、参与区域法治建设以及落实具体管理制度等方式推动海洋保护区建设,助力实现全球海洋保护区建设目标。

Marine protected areas(MPAs) are not only concerned with environmental design and management regime, but also related to domestic, regional and international legal systems. The effectiveness of protection given by the MPAs to the marine environment sufficiently reflects the development philosophy of a nation. As a traditional marine nation, how well UK protect and make use of its marine space will determine its life and death. From a policy and legal perspective view of environmental protection, UK has gone a long way, thus forming a set of MPA legal systems and manifesting symbolic characteristics, such as coordinated “domestic-regional” legal order, specific management regime, mature public participation mechanism. However, it still faces several setbacks, namely the difficulty of implementing the management regime, MPA designation inefficiency. Based on the practice of the legal system construction of marine reserves in the UK, China can promote the construction of MPAs by improving domestic legislation, participating in regional legal system construction and implementing specific management systems, so as to help achieve the goal of the construction of global MPAs.