天津市学龄前儿童血脂现状分析

Serum lipid profile and its associates in preschool children in Tianjin city

目的了解天津市幼儿园大班儿童血脂水平及异常情况,并探讨其相关因素。方法于2018年3—6月,采用整群抽样方法,对天津市15个区49所幼儿园中5943名5~6岁大班儿童进行体格测量,并且进行空腹总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)的检测;血脂浓度水平组间差异分析采用独立样本t检验和单因素ANVOA检验,率的差异分析采用χ2检验。结果天津市学龄前大班儿童血脂总异常率为10.3%,TC和TG的异常率分别为9.0%和1.7%。女童TC平均水平[(4.29±0.71)mmol/L]及异常率(10.5%)均高于男童的[(4.18±0.66)mmol/L]及(7.6%),且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女童的总血脂异常(TC或TG异常)率(11.9%)也高于男童(9.0%)。按体质指数(BMI)分组,TG异常率依次为肥胖组7.9%、超重组2.1%、偏瘦组1.9%、正常组0.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);总血脂异常率在不同BMI分组间差异亦有统计学意义,肥胖组(14.7%)和偏瘦组(14.6%)均高于体重正常组(9.8%)和超重组(9.8%)(P<0.01)。市区儿童TC异常率(10.2%)及血脂总异常率(11.6%)均高于郊区儿童(7.9%、9.3%),地区间TG异常率未发现统计学差异。结论肥胖儿童应为血脂异常防控重点人群,市区儿童血脂异常情况较高。开展学龄前儿童血脂早期筛查和健康管理,对于成人慢性病早期预防具有重要公共卫生学意义。

Objective To investigate serum lipid level and its related factors among kindergarten children in Tianjin city.Methods Using cluster sampling, we recruited 5 943 children aged 5 – 6 years in 49 kindergartens for a cross-sectional survey in Tianjin city from March to June, 2018. Fasting serum total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) were detected and physical measurements were performed among the children. Student t-test, analysis of variance(ANOVA), and Chi-square test were adopted in data analysis. Results For all the children, the overall abnormal rate of serum lipids was10.3% and the abnormal rate was 9.0% and 1.7% for serum TC and TG. Compared to those among the boys, significantly higher mean value(4.29 ± 0.71 vs. 4.18 ± 0.66 mmol/L) and abnormal rate(10.5% vs. 7.6%) of serum TC were detected among the girls(both P < 0.05);the overall dyslipidemia(abnormal TC or TG) rate was also significantly higher in the girls than in the boys(11.9% vs. 9.0%, P < 0.05). The abnormal rates of TG were 7.9%, 2.1%, 1.9%, and 0.8% for the children with obesity, overweight, underweight, and normal weight assessed by body mass index(BMI), with a significant difference among the groups(P < 0.05). The overall dyslipidemia rate differed significantly among the children with different BMI;the overall dyslipidemia rate of obesity/underweight children were significantly higher those of normal weight/overweight children(14.7%/14.6% vs. 9.8%/9.8%)(P < 0.01 for all). In comparison to the children in suburban regions, the urban children had significantly higher abnormal rate of TC(10.2% vs. 7.9%) and overall dyslipidemia(11.6% vs. 9.3%)(both P <0.05). Conclusion Among pre-school children in Tianjin city, the prevalence of dyslipidemia is relatively high and special attention should be paid to dyslipidmia prevention and control among the pre-school children with obesity and living in urban regions.