重庆市≥30岁成人膳食模式与空腹血糖受损关系

Correlation between dietary patterns and impaired fasting glucose in adults aged 30–79 years in Chongqing city

目的分析重庆市成人膳食模式与空腹血糖受损(IFG)之间关系,为采用合理膳食模式预防糖尿病提供科学依据。方法于2018年9月—2019年2月抽取重庆市30~79岁常住居民共计19862人进行调查,内容包括问卷调查、个人食物频率调查、体格检查与生物样本检测。采用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行处理,组间比较采用χ2检验,应用因子分析法分析膳食模式,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与IFG关系。结果19862名调查对象中IFG患者共计1496例,患病率为7.53%,因子分析得出4种膳食模式,分别为蛋奶模式、动物性模式、谷薯蔬菜模式和面食腌菜模式。在调整相关因素后发现,与动物性模式T4水平相比,T2水平IFG患病风险较低(OR=0.841,95%CI=0.716~0.989);面食腌菜模式T1、T2水平相较于T4水平IFG患病风险降低(OR=0.853,95%CI=0.730~0.998;OR=0.839,95%CI=0.721~0.977)。结论膳食模式与成年人群IFG患病密切相关,面食腌菜模式和动物性模式在预防IFG中更有实际意义。

Objective To analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and impaired fasting glucose(IFG) in adults of Chongqing city and to provide evidences for adopting reasonable dietary patterns to prevent diabetes in the population.Methods Using stratified multistage random cluster sampling, we recruited 19 862 permanent residents aged 30-79 years in Chongqing municipality. Face-to-face interviews with a general questionnaire and Food Frequency Questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory test were conducted among the residents from September 2018 through February 2019. Data process and analysis were performed with SPSS 25.0. Chi-square test was used to assess between group differences. Factor analysis was adopted to distinguish dietary patterns and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations of dietary patterns with IFG. Results Of the residents, 1 496(7.53%) individuals with IFG were detected. Factor analysis revealed four dietary patterns among the residents, including patterns of egg and milk, animal foodstuff, cereal/potato and vegetable, and pasta and pickles. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that in terms of animal foodstuff pattern, the residents with lower scores were at a decreased risk of IFG(odds ratio[OR] = 0.841, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.716-0.989) compared to those with the highest scores;while in regard to pasta and pickles pattern, the residents with the lowest and lower scores were at a decreased risk of IFG(for those with the lowest scores: OR = 0.853 [95% CI: 0.730-0.998];for those with lower scores: OR = 0.839 [95% CI: 0.721-0.977]) in comparison with those with the highest scores. Conclusion Among 30-79 years old residents in Chongqing city, dietary factors are related closely to the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and the influence of animal foodstuff pattern and pasta and pickles pattern are more significant in the prevention of the disorder.