网络空间中个人信息侵权责任主体问题--以《中华人民共和国民法典》为视角

On the Subject of Personal Information Infringement Liability in Cyberspace--From the Perspective of The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China

网络空间中个人信息侵权的主体应当从发布者、转载者和互联网服务提供商三个角度考虑。发布者责任一般以过错责任为原则,“公众人物”一般不阻却发布者责任,“公共利益”阻却发布者责任应当满足形式上的“公权力机关”和内容上的以普遍的公共利益为导向两个原则。转载者责任应考察主观故意,在信息的传播形态上明显具有侵权特征、根据常识可判断为侵权的,转载者在获悉转载内容存在侵权后拒绝采取必要措施的,转载者对于转载信息作出实质性修改的等情况下,一般应当承担侵权责任;善意转载或者在获悉转载内容失实后及时采取必要措施的,可以不承担侵权责任。互联网服务提供商原则上不承担侵权责任,但是知道或应当知道网络内容构成侵权而不采取措施的,应当承担自始的或相应的侵权责任。

The subject of personal information infringement in cyberspace should be considered from three perspectives:publisher,carrier,and internet service provider.The publisher’s liability generally takes fault liability as the principle,“public figure”generally does not prevent publisher’s liability,and“public interest”,when it prevents the publisher’s liability,should satisfy two principles:one is“public authority”in form and the other is general public interest in content.To judge the liability of the carrier,it is necessary to inspect whether the carrier is subjective and intentional.If the transmission pattern of the information has the obvious characteristic of infringement,the carrier can be judged as infringing according to common sense.If the carrier refuses to adopt necessary measures after he learns the infringement of the reproduced content,or if the carrier makes substantive modification to the reproduced information,the carrier should generally undertake the infringement liability.The carrier who reproduces the content with good willingness or who adopts necessary measures after he learns that the reproduced content is untrue,he may not undertake the infringement liability.Internet service providers in principle don’t undertake infringement liability,however,if they know or should know that the network content constitutes infringement and fail to take measures,they should be liable for the original or corresponding infringement.