新疆那拉提山地草原风景区生态环境质量评价

Evaluation of Ecological Environment Quality of Mountainous Grassland Tourist Scenic Spot in Xinjiang Nalati

准确评估风景区生态质量及变化对我国西部地区的风景区规划与保护具有重要参考作用。本研究选取新疆那拉提旅游风景区2007、2014和2019年Landsat5/8遥感影像,通过计算植被覆盖度(FVC)和遥感生态指数(RSEI)评估那拉提旅游风景区2007—2019年的生态环境质量及其变化。结果表明:1)风景区的FVC和RSEI有着较强的相关性,空间分布和变化趋势有较强的一致性,FVC和RSEI的结合能够较好反映2007—2019年风景区生态质量及其空间变化特点。2)风景区生态环境质量呈现先降后升趋势,整体呈微弱上升趋势。3)NDVI和WET对RSEI影响较大,NDSI和LST对RSEI影响较小;降雨量和风景区的开发保护策略对RSEI的变化有密切关系。4)风景区西北部海拔较低区域的FVC和RSEI变化幅度较大,东南部海拔较高区域的变化幅度较小;FVC和RSEI较高的区域分布在海拔2900 m以下,超过2900 m后,FVC和RSEI都急剧下降。5)坡向对平面、东南、南、西南方向的FVC和RSEI有轻微影响,其他方向影响不大;地形起伏度对FVC和RSEI均值的影响呈现先增后降趋势,在起伏度为50~100 m时,FVC和RSEI的均值均为最高,之后出现小幅度下降。基于研究结果,建议对风景区进行科学规划、稳步开发、强化管理、统筹全局,促进风景区健康协调可持续发展。

Accurate evaluation of ecological quality and its changes of scenic spots is of great importance for scenic spots planning and protection in western China.This study selects the Landsat 5/8 remote sensing images of Nalati Tourist Scenic Spot of Xinjiang in 2007,2014 and 2019,and evaluates the ecology environmental quality and its changes from 2007 to 2019 by calculating the fractional vegetation cover(FVC)and remote sensing based ecological index(RSEI).The results show that:1)There is a strong correlation between FVC and RSEI in the scenic spot,which maintains a strong consistency between spatial distribution and change trend.The combination of FVC and RSEI can better reflect the ecological quality of the scenic spot and its spatial changes in 2007-2019;2)The ecological environment quality of the scenic spot decreases first and then increases,and the overall trend presents slightly increasing trend;3)NDVI and WET have a greater impact on RSEI in a positive direction,while having less impact on RSEI;Rainfall and the development and protection strategies of the scenic spot are close to the changes of RSEI;4)FVC and RSEI in the lower-altitude areas in the northwest of the scenic spot vary greatly,while the changes in the higher-altitude areas in the southeast are relatively small;Areas with higher FVC and RSEI are distributed below the altitude of 2900 m,and above the altitude of 2900 m,both FVC and RSEI drop sharply;5)The slope aspect has a slight effect on the FVC and RSEI in the plane,southeast,south,and southwest directions,and has little effect on other directions.The influence of relief amplitude on the average value of FVC and RSEI shows a trend of first increase and then decrease.When the relief amplitude is 50~100 m,the average values of FVC and RSEI are both highest,and then there is a slight decrease.Based on the results,it is suggested to carry out scientific planning,promote steady development,strengthen management and overall planning so as to promote the healthy,coordinated and sustainable development of scenic spots.