园林设计要素对苏州古典园林夏季微气候和热舒适度的影响

The Influence of Landscape Design Parameters on the Summer Microclimate and Thermal Comfort of Suzhou Classical Gardens

研究使用城市微气候常用的参数表征古典园林的园林设计要素,并评估园林设计要素对古典园林夏季温度和热舒适度的影响。以拙政园为研究对象,通过固定测量和移动测量相结合的方式对其进行微气候测量,在此基础上对实验结果进行数据分析。结果表明:拙政园内部温度、湿度、黑球温度和生理等效温度分布存在差异,拙政园内部建筑及铺装、植物和空间等园林设计要素对其微气候和热舒适度有着重要影响;建筑及铺装的比例与温度和生理等效温度表现出一定的正相关关系,植被覆盖率与温度和生理等效温度呈显著负相关,空间的开敞程度与温度和生理等效温度呈显著正相关。研究结果可为古典园林研究和城市规划设计提供理论参考。

This study determines the landscape design parameters of classical gardens in reference to the commonly used research parameters of urban microclimate in order to evaluate the influence of garden design elements on the summer temperature and thermal comfort of classical gardens.The Humble Administrator’s Garden is selected as the research object to carry out the microclimate measurement by combining fixed measurement and mobile measurement.Based on this,the experimental results are analyzed.The results show that there are differences in the air temperature,humidity,black ball temperature and physiological equivalent temperature distribution of the Humble Administrator’s Garden,and the landscape design parameters including the building and pavement,vegetation and space have an important influence on its microclimate and thermal comfort;the proportion of building and pavement has a positive correlation with temperature and physiological equivalent temperature,vegetation coverage is significantly negatively correlated with temperature and physiological equivalent temperature,and spatial openness is significantly positively correlated with temperature and physiological equivalent temperature.The study would provide theoretical reference for the study of classical gardens and urban planning&design.