高速列车用铝合金晶粒细化技术研究现状

Research Status of Grain Refining Technology for Aluminum Alloy Used in High Speed Train

高铁运输对轻量化和节能降耗的要求不断提高,其对高性能铝合金材料的需求日益增加。细化晶粒是同时提升铝合金强度和塑性,改善其综合性能的重要技术手段。介绍了铝合金在高速列车上的应用现状,包括主要使用的铝合金牌号、形式以及应用场景。按照化学细化法、工艺细化法和物理细化法的分类方式对现有的铝合金晶粒细化方法进行了综述。重点针对晶粒细化剂的研究现状进行了分析,介绍了其制备工艺和细化机理,并提出了存在的问题和进一步提升细化剂性能的建议。

With the increasing demand of lightweight,energy saving and consumption reduction for highspeed railway transportation,the demand for high performance aluminum alloy materials will increase day by day.Grain refinement is an important technical means to simultaneously improve aluminum alloy's strength,plasticity and comprehensive properties.In this article,the application status of aluminum alloy in high-speed train was introduced at first,including the main aluminum alloy designation,forms and application scenarios.Then,the existing grain refining methods for aluminum alloy were reviewed by dividing them into chemical refining method,technological refining method and physical refining method.Finally,the research status of grain refiner was analyzed emphatically,its preparation process and refining mechanism were introduced,the existing problems and suggestions for further improving its properties were proposed.