添加脱硫石膏对苏打盐碱土理化性质及水稻产量的影响

Effects of Desulfurization Gypsum on Physical and Chemical Properties and Rice Yield in Soda Alkali-saline Soil

盐碱地作为我国的后备土地资源,它的开发和利用是保持我国农业可持续发展的重要途径之一。脱硫石膏能够有效改善盐碱土壤理化性质,为明确脱硫石膏对苏打盐碱土的改良效果和最佳用量,通过田间试验的方法,设脱硫石膏5 t/hm^(2)(T1)、脱硫石膏10 t/hm^(2)(T2)、脱硫石膏15 t/hm^(2)(T3)3个处理,同时以不添加脱硫石膏为对照(CK),研究不同用量脱硫石膏对土壤理化性质及水稻生长性状及小区实测水稻产量的影响。结果表明,脱硫石膏能够显著降低土壤pH值、容重和水溶性盐总量,且均随着用量的增加呈现降低的趋势;T2处理下,综合改良效果最优,土壤pH值降幅为6.8%~8.6%,容重降幅为1.0%~3.7%,水溶性盐总量降幅为52%~71%。添加脱硫石膏处理后,土壤理化性质显著提高,水稻生长受到的盐碱胁迫降低,水稻瘪粒率显著降低,水稻株高、穗长、有效分蘖数、穗粒数、千粒质量等农艺性状显著提高,其中,T2处理实测产量较CK提高了475%。脱硫石膏能够有效改良盐碱地,苏打盐碱土施用10 t/hm^(2)的脱硫石膏改良效果最佳。

As a reserve land resource in China, the development and utilization of saline alkali land is one of the important ways to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Studies have shown that desulfurization gypsum can effectively improve physical and chemical properties in saline alkali soil. In order to clarify the improvement effect of desulfurized gypsum on soda alkali-saline soil and the best improvement amount of desulfurization gypsum, in this study, four treatments including CK(without desulfurized gypsum), T1(desulfurized gypsum 5 t/hm^(2)), T2(desulfurized gypsum 10 t/hm^(2))and T3(desulfurized gypsum 15 t/hm^(2)) were set through field experiment to study the effects of different amounts of desulfurized gypsum on soil physical and chemical properties, rice growth traits and rice yield measured in plot.The results were as follows:desulfurized gypsum could significantly reduce soil pH, bulk density and total water-soluble salt, and showed a decreasing trend with the increase of dosage. Under the condition of T2 treatment, the comprehensive improvement effect was the best, the decrease of soil pH was 6.8%-8.6%, the decrease of bulk density was 1.0%-3.7%, and the decrease of total water-soluble salt was 52%-71%. The physical and chemical properties of soil were significantly improved after application of desulfurized gypsum, the saline alkali stress on rice growth was reduced, the shrunken grain rate of rice was significantly reduced, the agronomic traits such as plant height, spike length,tillering amount, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of rice were significantly improved. The measured yield of T2 treatment was 475% higher than that of CK treatment.The experiment showed that desulfurized gypsum could effectively improve soda alkali-saline land, and the field application of 10 t/hm^(2)desulfurized gypsum had the best improvement effect.