知识史视角下中国1950-1970年代援外建筑的美学与政治

Aesthetics and Politics of China’s Foreign Aid Architecture in the 1950s-1970s from the Perspective of History of Knowledge

回顾中国1950-1970年代对外援助及援外建筑的发展历程,关注援外建筑形式美学及其政治意义的关联,旨在以建筑学思维解读对外援助"中国模式"的内涵与意义。以知识史视角梳理援外建筑设计知识体系的发展演进与跨国流动脉络,重点关注1964-1976年间西方现代主义建筑思潮对中国援外建筑的影响。以坦赞铁路达累斯萨拉姆总站为主要案例,通过历史研究、形式分析以及跨文化比较分析,揭示中国援外建筑在美学和政治方面呈现的"中国性",并讨论新中国援外建筑作为知识遗产的当代价值。

This paper reviews the development of China’s foreign aid and foreign aid architecture from the 1950 s to the 1970 s, focusing on the relationship between the aesthetics of foreign aid architecture and its political implications. It aims to interpret the connotation and meaning of the “Chinese model”in foreign aid through architectural lenses. From the perspective of history of knowledge, it analyses the development and evolution of the design knowledge system of foreign aid architecture and its transnational flows, whilst focusing on the influence of Western modernist architectural trends on Chinese foreign aid architecture from 1964 to 1976. Taking the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Terminus in Dar es Salaam as the primary example, it reveals the“Chineseness”of Chinese foreign aid architecture in the aspects of both aesthetics and politics. Through historical research, formal analysis and cross-cultural comparison, it discusses the contemporary value of Chinese foreign aid architecture of that period as an intellectual heritage.