2019年中国市售水果干制品中微生物污染状况

Microbial contamination in dried fruit products in China in 2019

目的了解中国水果干制品中微生物的污染状况和特征。方法 2019年在全国采集市售水果干制品2917份,按照GB 4789规定方法检测产品中菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌、酵母、沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌。结果 2917份样品中有5.01%的样品菌落总数>10;CFU/g, 2.98%的样品大肠菌群>10;CFU/g。34.42%的样品霉菌>50 CFU/g, 9.46%的样品酵母>50 CFU/g。沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出率分别为0.14%和0.03%。不同种类水果干制品微生物污染差异较大(P<0.01),其中枸杞干和榴莲干的总体卫生状况最差。不同监测地区水果干制品微生物污染存在差异(P<0.01或P<0.05),总体而言,华南、西南和华中地区样品的微生物污染情况严重。不同包装、不同采样地点的水果干样品之间微生物污染情况差异无统计学意义。结论 2019年中国水果干制品的卫生状况总体较差。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the microbial contamination in dried fruit products in China.METHODS In 2019, 2917 samples of dried fruit products on the market were collected, and examined for aerobic bacterial count, coliforms, molds, yeasts, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes according to the method specified in GB 4789.RESULTS A total of 34.42%(1004/2917)of the samples had molds above 50 CFU/g and 9.46%(276/2917)of the samples had yeast above 50 CFU/g. The occurrence of aerobic plate count above 10;CFU/g and coliforms above 10;CFU/g was 5.01%(146/2917)and 2.98%(87/2917), respectively. The detection rate of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were 0.14%(4/2917) and 0.03%(1/2917), respectively. Microbial contamination in different kinds of dried fruit products varied widely, with dried wolfberries and dried durian having the worst overall hygiene. There were differences in microbial contamination of dried fruit products in different regions. In general, samples collected in South China, Southwest China and Central China had more serious microbial contamination. There was no significant difference in microbial contamination between dried fruit products with different packaging and sampling places. CONCLUSION The hygienic condition of dried fruit products is generally poor in 2019.