2018—2020年宁波市动物源性食品中喹诺酮和四环素类兽药残留污染状况及暴露评估

Contamination status and the health risk evaluation of dietary exposure of quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics in animal derived foods in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2020

目的评估宁波市动物源性食品中喹诺酮类和四环素类兽药残留污染状况,估算动物性食品中这两类抗生素暴露引起的健康风险。方法采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对2018—2020年宁波市售动物源性食品中喹诺酮和四环素类兽药残留水平进行监测,计算中位数、P97.5、平均值和最大值,再结合浙江省居民食物摄入量数据,利用点评估方法对这两类兽药进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、强力霉素、土霉素在淡水鱼、养殖大黄鱼、淡水虾、鸡肉、鸡蛋、猪肉中有不同程度的检出。恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、强力霉素、土霉素总检出率分别为21.2%(77/363)、11.6%(42/363)、2.8%(10/363)、1.4%(5/363)和0.6%(2/363)。成人经动物源性食品摄入抗生素的膳食暴露量为0.8~909.0 ng/(kg·d),儿童经动物源性食品摄入抗生素的膳食暴露量为0.6~518.9 ng/(kg·d)。恩诺沙星和土霉素的中位数、P97.5、平均值和最大值所对应风险商的范围为0.000030~0.17。结论宁波市人群经动物源性食品摄入喹诺酮类和四环素类抗生素如恩诺沙星和土霉素的风险很小。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the dietary exposure of Ningbo residents to quinolones and tetracyclines antibiotics in animal derived foods, so as to estimate the health risk caused by the exposure. METHODS Animal derived foods in Ningbo markets from 2018 to 2020 were collected and analyzed by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the result of the measurements, median(M), P97.5, average and the maximum values of the data were obtained. Coupling the food intake data of residents in Zhejiang Province, an international point estimate model was applied to evaluate the health risk caused by the dietary exposure. RESULTS Enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline were detected in freshwater fishes, cultured pseudosciaena crocea, freshwater shrimps, chicken, eggs and pork. The detection rates of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline were 21.2%(77/363), 11.6%(42/363), 2.8%(10/363), 1.4%(5/363), 0.6%(2/363), respectively. The dietary exposure of adults and children from animal derived foods were in the range of 0.8-909.0 and 0.6-518.9 ng/(kg·d), respectively. The hazard quotient(HQ) values were in the range of 0.000030-0.17. CONCLUSION Quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics such as enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline have no dietary health risk to the population.