2014—2018年南京市居民蔬菜和食用菌中铅和镉膳食暴露评估

Risk assessment of lead and cadmium exposure of Nanjing residents through vegetables and edible fungus from 2014 to 2018

目的评估2014—2018年南京市居民通过食用蔬菜和食用菌铅和镉暴露的健康风险。方法根据南京市售蔬菜和食用菌中铅和镉污染监测数据(2014—2018年)和消费状况(2011—2013年)的调查结果,采用概率评估方法,使用@RISK软件模拟抽样并根据数据分布建立膳食中铅、镉暴露模型,依据相应健康指导值或基准计量评估蔬菜和食用菌中铅、镉暴露潜在风险。结果膳食中对铅、镉暴露量贡献率较高的食物类别为叶菜、鲜食用菌和芦蒿。南京市居民通过蔬菜和食用菌铅、镉暴露的平均值分别为0.237和0.090μg/kg,不同年龄组人群蔬菜和食用菌摄入引起的镉平均暴露量和其高暴露人群摄入量均低于健康指导值,18~49岁和50岁以上人群铅暴露平均值和高暴露人群(P95)的暴露边界比均大于1,但6~17岁高暴露人群(P95)的暴露边界比低至0.9。结论南京市居民食用蔬菜和鲜食用菌铅、镉暴露对人群健康造成的风险处于可接受水平,对于6~17岁和50岁以上年龄组高暴露人群铅、镉暴露引起的健康风险应予以重视。

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential risk of lead and cadmium through vegetables and edible fungus in Nanjing City from 2014 to 2018. METHODS Based on the survey of dietary consumption of residents in Nanjing City, combining with the concentration data of lead and cadmium in vegetables and edible fungus, using @Risk software to simulate and analyze the cumulative dietary exposure in a probabilistic way, and compared with the health guidance value or benchmark dose(BMD) to assess the potential health risks of lead and cadmium for Nanjing residents. RESULTS The average exposure of lead and cadmium was 0.237 and 0.090 μg/kg, the exposure of cadmium in the general population were lower than the corresponding health guidance value, meanwhile the margin of exposure(MOE) for lead was higher than 1 in 18-49 years old group and over 50 years old group respectively, except for the high-end exposure(P95) in 6-17 years group the MOE for lead was 0.9. The pollution level and the consumption of leafy vegetables, edible fungus and artemisia selengensis were the main factors affecting the exposure of lead and cadmium through vegetables and edible fungus.CONCLUSION The exposure to lead and cadmium through vegetables is at a relatively safe level, but more attention should be paid to the risk of lead and cadmium exposure in 6-17 years old and over 50 years old group of high-end exposure population.