王符《潜夫论》中政治秩序重构的逻辑与实现路径

The Logic and Path of Political Order Reconstruction in"Qian Fu Lun"by Wang Fu

政治秩序是历代政治思想家关注的核心问题,他们大多以稳定和谐的国家社会为基本理想,针对自身时代的失序政治提供变革药方。身处东汉中后时期的王符,勾勒出“元气”运动之宇宙观推演政治秩序的运作图式,以秩序的“中和”之态为哲学逻辑,以政治的失序为现实逻辑,作为重构政治秩序的起点。并从民心式的政权合法性论证出发,通过礼法并用的控制方略,从而建立兼顾控制与教化的政治体系,以此作为重构政治秩序的实现路径。最后提出断以无讼、严施德刑、优化官员素质结构、整合边疆等政治主张,从而为重构政治秩序,拯救转衰期的东汉国家社会指明切实的政治实践方向。

Political order is the core concern of political thinkers of all generations.Most of them take a stable and harmonious national society as their basic ideal and provide an improved prescription for their disordered politics.Wang Fu,who was in the period of gradual decline in the Eastern Han Dynasty,used the cosmological view of the"Qi"movement to deduce the operation pattern of the political order,taking the"neutralization"of the order as the philosophical logic,and the political disorder as the realistic logic,explaining its starting point for reconstructing the political order.Starting from the demonstration of the legitimacy of the political power by civilian morale,through the control strategy of the combination of etiquette and law,he established a political system that takes both control and enlightenment into account as a way to reconstruct the political order.Finally,he put forward political opinions such as non-litigation,strict punishment,optimizing the quality structure of officials,integrating borders,to reconstruct the political order and save the deteriorating politics.