分类改革背景下国有公共企业法律保护与规制——以公司治理为中心

Legal Protection and Regulation of State-owned Public Enterprises Under the Background of Classified Reform:Focusing on Corporate Governance

由于上位立法未明确公共企业概念,涉及此类具有维护公益目标的企业的用语相当杂乱,但总体上在外延与内涵上大同小异,应当加以统一。公共企业除营利目标外,还负有维护公益的目标,应在市场准入与退出规制、交易规制、代理成本规制等方面给予法律上的特殊保护与规制。而现行公司法以营利性的商业公司为向导,这使得诸多规定对重在实现社会公益的公共企业而言是格格不入的。因此,需要另行制定《公共企业法》,以明确立法有效规范国有公共企业行为,区分政府与市场的界限。

Since the upper-level legislation does not clarify the concept of public enterprises,the language involved in such enterprises with the goal of safeguarding public welfare is quite messy,but in general,the extension and connotation are similar and should be unified.In addition to profit goals,public enterprises also have the goal of safeguarding public welfare.They should be given special legal protections and regulations in terms of market access and exit regulations,transaction regulations,and governance regulations.The current company law is guided by profit-making commercial companies,which makes many regulations incompatible with public enterprises that focus on realizing social welfare.Therefore,a separate Public Enterprise Law needs to be formulated to clarify legislation to effectively regulate the behavior of state-owned public enterprises and to distinguish the boundary between the government and the market.