乡村振兴中的资本下乡与村企关系:互惠难题与合作困境

Capital Going to the Countryside and the Relationship between Villages and Enterprises in Rural Revitalization:The Problem of Reciprocity and the Dilemma of Cooperation

资本下乡是全面推进乡村振兴和巩固农业基础地位的重要助推力量。在现实中,资本下乡企业也遭遇到各种发展的难题和困境。已有研究从社会学角度探讨了资本下乡的社会基础以及外来资本与乡土社会互动不足对下乡企业的经营和发展造成的不利影响,但尚待揭示其具体过程、逻辑和机制。本研究以Z村外来资本H公司的茶产业项目为例,深入考察村企的互动过程及其背后的行为逻辑和机制,从而理解和阐释资本下乡企业为何与村庄互动困难,村企合作为何会陷入僵局和困境及其对企业可持续发展的影响。研究发现,村企双方建构关系的行动逻辑有根本差异,外来资本主要是经济人的工具理性和秉持权力逻辑、精英导向,而村庄既具有利益导向的工具理性,还有希望把村庄建设好的价值理性,双方在企业做大的过程中尚能合作,但在H公司锐意做强而忽视与村庄互惠性的利益和情感共享之际,企业资本的理性和Z村的互惠、道义性需求产生难以互融的分歧,村企合作开始陷入困境。为了破解下乡资本面临的村企关系困局,必须采取相应的措施,以便更好地发挥资本下乡在全面推进乡村振兴和促进共同富裕中的作用和贡献。

Capital going to the countryside is an important driving force to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and consolidate the basic position of agriculture. In reality, enterprises with capital going to the countryside also encounter various development problems and difficulties. Previous studies have discussed the social basis of capital going to the countryside and the adverse impact of insufficient interaction between foreign capital and local society on the operation and development of enterprises going to the countryside from the perspective of sociology, but its specific process, logic and mechanism have yet to be revealed. Taking the tea industry project of H Company in Z Village with foreign capital as an example, this study conducts an in-depth investigation of the interaction process between villages and enterprises, as well as the behavioral logic and mechanism behind it, so as to understand and explain why it is difficult for the enterprise with capital to the countryside to interact with the villages, why the cooperation between the villages and enterprises would fall into an impasse or dilemma, as well as whose impact on the sustainable development of enterprises. The findings show that there are fundamental differences in the action logic of building the relationship between the villages and enterprises. The foreign capital is mainly the instrumental rationality of the economic man, upholding the power logic and elite orientation;while the village has both the interest oriented instrumental rationality and the value rationality that hopes to build the village well. The two sides can still cooperate during the process of expanding the enterprise. However, when H Company is determined to become stronger and ignores the benefit and emotional sharing of the reciprocity with the village, the rationality of the enterprise capital and the reciprocal and moral needs of Z Village would have difficult differences, and the cooperation between the village and the enterprise would begin to fall into dilemma. In order to solve the dilemma of the village-enterprise relationship faced by the capital going to countryside, it is necessary to take corresponding measures, so as to give better play to the role and contribution of the capital going to the countryside in comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and facilitating common prosperity.