矿产资源开发生态补偿研究——以内蒙古自治区满来梁矿为例

Study on Ecological Compensation for Mineral Resources Exploitation:a Case Study of Manlailiang Mine in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

实施矿产资源开发生态补偿是调动利益相关方积极性的主要手段,测算生态损失量并界定补偿主体的责任,可为矿产资源开发生态补偿标准研究提供基础。以内蒙古鄂尔多斯满来梁矿为例,运用多种货币价值量化方法预计了采矿造成的生态损失,根据矿山生态环境状况确定了矿山企业不同阶段应缴纳补偿金的比例,基于共担责任原则,采用多区域投入产出模型分析了生态补偿主体的责任。结果表明:满来梁矿造成生态损失价值量为16580万元,目前处于加速破坏阶段,矿山企业应缴纳补偿金的比例为16.20%。补偿主体分别承担相应的责任,中央政府应承担政策指引和激励工作,矿山企业应出资补偿并及时修复生态环境,地方政府应实行因地制宜的补偿办法并监督修复工作。

The implementation of ecological compensation for mineral resources exploitation is a main means to mobilize the enthusiasm of stakeholders. Measuring the amount of ecological loss and defining the responsibility of the compensation subjects can provide a basis for the study of ecological compensation standards for mineral resources exploitation. Taking Manlailiang mine in Ordos, Inner Mongolia as an example, the ecological loss caused by mining was predicted by using a variety of monetary value quantitative methods. According to the ecological environment of the mine, the proportion of compensation payable by mining enterprises in different stages was determined. Based on the principle of shared responsibility, the responsibility of the compensation subjects was analyzed by using multi-region input-output model. The results show that the amount of ecological loss caused by Manlailiang mine is 165.8 million RMB. At present, it is in the stage of accelerated damage, and the proportion of compensation payable by mining enterprises is 16.20%. The compensation subjects should bear corresponding responsibilities respectively. The central government should undertake policy guidance and incentive work. Mining enterprises should invest in compensation and timely repair the ecological environment. Local governments should implement compensation methods in accordance with local conditions and supervise the repair work.