不同植被恢复模式对紫金山森林土壤理化性质的影响

Effect of Various Vegetation Restoration Types on Soil Physio-chemical Properties

为了探讨不同植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质的影响,为城市森林的生态系统构建和经营管理提供基础数据。以紫金山马尾松-栎树混交林(Pinus massoniana×Quercus variabilis, PQ)、马尾松-枫香混交林(Pinus massoniana×Liquidamabar formosana, PL)、朴树-糙叶树混交林(Celtis sinensis×Aphananthe aspera, CA)、栎树-枫香混交林(Quercus variabilis×Liquidamabar formosana, QL)和枫香纯林(Liquidamabar formosana, LF)等林分为研究对象,分析各林分下土壤质地、养分和速效养分等理化特征。结果表明:(1)混交林的土壤和枫香纯林相比,混交林的土壤pH值和土壤密度较低,含水率和粉粒比例较高。(2)马尾松-栎树混交林、马尾松-枫香混交林和朴树-糙叶树混交林的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾质量分数高于或显著高于栎树-枫香混交林和枫香纯林,铵态氮质量分数则低于或显著低于栎树-枫香混交林和枫香纯林。(3)林分类型、土层深度、林分密度和林龄是影响紫金山土壤理化性质的关键因子。因此,由马尾松为先锋树种演替形成的马尾松-栎树、马尾松-枫香等针阔混交林与地带性朴树-糙叶树混交林都具有良好的土壤质地、养分状况及其可利用性。

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect vegetation restoration type on soil physio-chemical properties for acquiring some basis data,which would be benefited for construction and management of urban forestry.The soil texture,pH,moisture content,bulk density,nutrients and their availability were determined and analyzed under five forests,including Pinus massoniana×Quercus variabilis forest(PQ),Pinus massoniana×Liquidamabar formosana forest(PL),Celtis sinensis×Aphananthe aspera forest(CA),Quercus variabilis×Liquidamabar formosana forest(QL)and Liquidamabar formosana forest(LF).The results showed that:(1)Compared with LF,the mixed forest has lower pH and bulk density,and higher content of moisture and silt.(2)The results of one-way ANOVA and cluster analysis for nutrients and availability of five typical forests indicated the insignificant differences between PQ,PL and CA and between QL and LF;however,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,nitrate,available phosphorus and available potassium in PQ,PL and CA were higher or significantly higher than those of QL and LF,but the ammonium was the opposite.(3)The result of redundancy analysis between soil physio-chemical properties and the basic surveys showed that forest type,soil depth,stand density and age were the key factors of influencing soil physio-chemical properties in Nanjing Zijin Mountain.Like the CA,the mixed conifer-broadleaf forests,including PQ and PL formed by taking Pinus massoniana as the pioneer tree species in long period succession,had better situations of soil texture,nutrients and their availability.