多米尼加共和国:独立与社会-政治演进

The Dominican Republic:Independence and Socio-political Development

多米尼加共和国因其独特的地理环境和历史沿革,政治、经济和社会发展都呈现自身特点。尽管与海地共处伊斯帕尼奥拉岛,但两国不同的文化溯源赋予了该岛深刻的二元性。在政治层面,多米尼加先后遭到海地、美国的武装干涉和占领,自身也经历了专制独裁和政治动荡,在民主化的道路上艰难前行;在经济层面,多米尼加经济体量小、开放性强,通过比较优势实现了较高水平的经济增长;在社会层面,多米尼加从自给自足的农业社会转向以工业和服务业为主的资本主义社会,并自2000年起积极应对过度城市化和贫困等问题,一定程度上改善了社会服务体系。然而,为有效解决贫困问题,政府的社会计划应在“教育、社会治安、健康与就业”等方面体现出可持续发展,对贫困群体进行职业技能培训,从而真正发挥民众潜能。

Due to its unique geographical environment and historical evolution,the Dominican Republic has its own characteristics in political,economic and social development.Although coexisting with Haiti on the island of Hispaniola,the different cultural origins of the two countries have given the island a profound duality.At the political level,the Dominica has been subected to armed interference and occupation by Haiti and the United States.It has also experienced dictatorship and political turmoil,and has struggled on the road of democratization.At the economic level,the Dominica's economy is small and open and has achieved a relatively high level of economic growth through comparative advantages.At the social level,Dominica has shifted from a selfsufficient agricultural society to a capitalist society dominated by industry and service industries,and has actively responded to overurbanization and poverty since 2000,as well as improved the social service system to a certain extent.However,in order to solve effectively the poverty problem,the government's social plan should rellect sustainable development in terms of“education,social security,health and employment”,and provide vocational skills training for the poor people,so as to truly realize their potential.