文化革新运动与墨西哥的社会转型(1910~1940)

Cultural Revolution and Social Transformation in Mexico:1910-1940

1910~1940年的墨西哥大革命和国家重建,使墨西哥社会发生了巨大的转型,这种转变是一种政治、经济、社会和文化的联动反应。文化革新运动是这场转变的重要内容之一,表现为种族和文化融合思想、土著主义思想的提出,土著主义运动、反教权主义运动、教育改革、壁画艺术运动、墨西哥革命小说的创作、墨西哥民族电影的勃兴,以及在音乐、舞蹈、戏剧等表演艺术方面的新变化。这场运动实质上是一场文化民族主义运动,是继墨西哥政治独立之后的又一次文化独立运动,它导致了墨西哥文化从“西化”转向墨西哥化,树立了墨西哥人的民族自信和文化自信,从而促进了墨西哥现代文化的形成,并有力地推动了整个国家的社会转型。回顾这段历史,给我们带来了诸多方面的启迪。

The great revolution and national reconstruction in Mexico from 1910 to 1940 significantly transformed the Mexican society.The transformation was a joint reaction of politics,economy,society and culture.The cultural revolution movement was an important aspect of this transformation,which was manifested in the ideas of racial and cultural integration,nativism,Indigenous movement,anticlericalism movement,educational reform,mural art movement,the creation of Mexican revolutionary novels,the rise of Mexican national films,and new changes in music,dance,drama and other performing arts.In essence,this movement is a cultural nationalism movement,which was another cultural independence movement after Mexico's political independence.It led the transformation of Mexican culture from“Westernization”to Mexicanization,established the national and cultural confidence of Mexicans,promoted the formation of modern Mexican culture,and effectively promoted the social transformation of the whole country.Looking back on this period of history has brought us many enlightenments.