不同人口学特征的献血相关自我效能与献血意向调研

Survey on blood donation related self-efficacy and blood donation willingness with different demographic characteristics

目的调研分析献血相关自我效能对献血意向的影响作用,为科学制订针对献血者心理的差异化招募与服务策略提供参考。方法基于心理学的自我效能理论设计问卷,以南充市红十字中心血站采血覆盖区域的人群为调研对象,以方便抽样方法随机选取受访者,并采集受访者的人口学特征资料以及献血相关自我效能测度数据、献血意向测度数据,应用秩和检验方法进行统计分析。结果受访者的既往献血次数分别与献血相关自我效能、献血意向显著正相关,献血相关自我效能与献血意向显著强正相关(r=0.618)。不同献血次数受访者的献血相关自我效能、献血意向分别存在差异(P<0.05),献血2次及以上受访者的献血相关自我效能和献血意向相对较强;不同性别、年龄、受教育程度受访者的献血相关自我效能和献血意向分别存在差异(P<0.05),其中,男性、30~39岁年龄段、大学本科及以上学历受访者的献血相关自我效能和献血意向相对较强;不同职业受访者的献血相关自我效能存在差异(P<0.05)、但献血意向没有差异(P>0.05)。结论通过增强献血人群或潜在献血人群的献血相关自我效能可增强其献血意向。具体针对调研覆盖区域,在献血者招募与服务实践中,可重点针对献血相关自我效能强度高的人群进行招募,以取得较高的招募效率;同时,应特别关注献血相关自我效能强度相对较低的人群,对其提供针对该人群特点的优质服务,以进一步增强其献血意向,从而扩大和巩固献血者队伍;再者,针对献血者招募与服务的空间范围,还可根据需要适当向乡村拓展。

Objective To investigate the effect of blood donation related self-efficacy on blood donation intention, in order to provide valuable reference for formulating the recruitment and service strategy for blood donors with different demographic characteristics. Methods A questionnaire was designed based on psychological self-efficacy theory, and respondents in Nanchong city were taken as the research objects. The data of demographic characteristics, blood donation related self-efficacy measurement and blood donation intention measurement of the respondents who were randomly selected by convenient sampling method were collected and analyzed by rank sum test.Results The number of previous blood donation was significantly correlated with blood donation related self-efficacy and blood donation intention, and there was a strong positive correlation between blood donation related self-efficacy and blood donation intention(r=0.618). There are significant differences in blood donation related self-efficacy or blood donation intention of respondents with different blood donation experiences(P<0.05), and respondents who donated blood twice or more showed relatively strong blood donation related self-efficacy and blood donation intention. Significant differences in blood donation related self-efficacy or blood donation intention among respondents were noticed in gender, age or education level(P<0.05), and males or 30~39 years old respondents, or respondents with bachelor degree or above have relatively strong blood donation related self-efficacy and blood donation intention. Significant differences in blood donation related self-efficacy were noticed among respondents with different occupations(P<0.05), but no significant difference was noticed in blood donation intention(P>0.05). Conclusion Blood donation intention can be increased by enhancing the blood donation related self-efficacy of respondents. We can focus on the recruitment of respondents with high self-efficacy in the areas covered by the survey during the practice of blood donor recruitment and service to achieve higher recruitment efficiency. In the meantime, special attention should also be paid to the people with relatively low self-efficacy and high-quality services should be provided t to expand blood donor team. Furthermore, blood donor recruitment and services can be appropriately expanded to the countryside as needed.