海南吊罗山国家森林公园植物群落及土壤性质受旅游开发的影响

Effects of Tourism Development on Plant Community and Soil Properties in Hainan Diaoluo Mountain National Forest Park

为了解旅游开发对海南吊罗山国家森林公园的生态影响,采用样方分析法对海南吊罗山国家森林公园的主要景点内的植物群落及土壤进行了调查研究。通过对比不同游径0、5、10 m相等干扰强度下不同地段的植物群落和土壤性质的变化特征,分析了旅游开发对海南吊罗山国家森林公园植物群落及土壤性质的影响。结果表明:旅游开发对乔木层群落的影响不大,对于乔木下层的幼苗株数影响较大;游径距离小的近景区影响最大,灌木层盖度明显降低;近景区草本层高度受旅游开发最大,草木层高度较小。旅游开发对土壤性质的影响较大,游客活动强的近景区土壤压实严重,孔隙率较高,透气性和吸水性降低,pH要高于中景区和远景区;随着游径距离的增加,土壤有机质含量逐渐增加,土壤全磷、全氮水平逐渐增高,全钾水平逐渐降低,脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和磷酸酶活性均增大。

In order to understand the ecological impact of tourism development on Hainan Diaoluo Mountain National Reserve, the plant communities and soil in the main scenic spots of Hainan Diaoluo Mountain National Reserve were investigated and studied by using a similar method. By comparing the change characteristics of plant communities and soil properties in different areas under the same interference intensity of 0, 5, and 10 m with different paths, the influence of tourism interference on the plant community and soil properties of Hainan Diaoluo Mountain National Reserve was analyzed. The results showed that tourism interference had effects on trees. The influence of the layer community is not large, and it has a greater impact on the number of seedlings in the lower layer of the arbor;the small distance to the scenic area has the greatest impact, and the shrub layer coverage is significantly reduced;the height of the herb layer in the nearby scenic area is the most disturbed by tourism, and the height of the grass layer is small. Tourism interference has a greater impact on the nature of the soil. The near scenic area with strong tourist activities have serious soil compaction, higher porosity, lower air permeability and water absorption, and the pH is higher than that of the middle and far scenic areas;with the increase of the travel distance, the content of soil organic matter gradually increased, the level of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the soil gradually increased, the level of total potassium gradually decreased, and the activities of urease, catalase and phosphatase all increased.