肠道菌群与宿主关系解析及肠道菌群调控/合成研究进展

Recent advances on the recovery,modulation and synthetic biology of gut microbiota and hosts

肠道菌群和宿主健康之间有着密切的关系,其与宿主之间存在着复杂的相互作用,如菌群及其代谢产物与免疫系统的互作、脑-肠轴、肺-肠轴等.肠道菌群紊乱与多种疾病的发生和发展存在相关性,且部分微生物菌株与一些疾病的发生存在着因果关系.肠道菌群还会影响药物代谢,个体差异的肠道菌群使得不同个体对于同种药物的代谢具有很大差别;解析个体肠道菌群的状态及其与宿主之间的关系是实施个性化精准诊疗的重要环节.肠道菌群具有可塑性,通过饮食调控、益生菌/益生元/合生元补充、粪菌移植等干预手段可以使肠道菌群处于健康状态,应用肠道菌群编辑和合成肠道微生物组等新技术调控、合成肠道菌群的研究已有报道.目前,利用合成生物学等方法调控肠道菌群已成为改善和治疗疾病的有效方法之一.本文综述了肠道菌群与人体等宿主的相互作用、肠道菌群与部分疾病的相关性和因果性,以及通过肠道菌群调控改善人体健康状态的策略,展望了微生物组学和合成生物学在肠道菌群调控与合成方面的应用.

Gut microbiota is closely related to host health.The interactions between gut microbiota and hosts are complex,including the relationships between microbiota and the immune system,gut-brain axis,gut-lung axis etc.Gut microbiota disorders are related to the occurrence and development of some diseases,and some microbial strains are identified to be the cause of some diseases.Moreover,gut microbiota has effects on drug metabolism,and the individual differences of gut microbiota might lead to the different individual effects of the same drug.Therefore,recovering individual gut microbiota is essential for the implementation of individual precision medical treatment.Gut microbiota is alterable,and gut microbiota can be modulated at healthy state by dietary regulation,probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics supplement,and fecal microbiota transplantation.Besides,microbiota editing techniques and synthetic microbiota have been applied in the modulation of gut microbiota.Currently,modulation of gut microbiota has become one of the effective strategies to improve or cure some diseases.This review summarized the interactions between gut microbiota and hosts,the correlations and causal relationships between gut microbiota and diseases,the ways to improve human health by modulating gut microbiota,and gave insights into the application of microbiome and synthetic biology on the modulation and synthesis of gut microbiota.