mTORC1信号通路调控细胞自噬的研究进展

mTORC1,the master regulator of autophagy

蛋白激酶mTORC1主要感应细胞内的营养状态和细胞外的压力刺激,通过磷酸化众多下游底物蛋白,参与调控细胞的生长、增殖和代谢等过程.近年来的研究表明,m TORC1信号通路在细胞内的重要分解代谢过程--细胞自噬的调控中发挥主导作用.在细胞自噬过程的不同阶段发挥作用的多个蛋白陆续被鉴定为mTORC1的直接磷酸化底物,表明mTORC1在细胞自噬过程的不同阶段均发挥调控作用.以上作用机制让mTORC1精确而全面地控制细胞自噬的起始、终止和强度,进而帮助细胞更好地应对细胞内外环境的改变.本文将围绕mTORC1信号通路在细胞自噬调控中的主导作用综述近年来的相关研究进展.

Protein kinase mTORC1 senses a number of intracellular and environmental cues,and targets to different substrates to participate in the regulation of various cellular processes,including cell growth,cell proliferation and cell metabolism.So far,mTORC1 has emerged as a master regulator of autophagy,an important cellular degradation pathway.Multiple proteins,functioning in different stages of autophagy,have been identified as mTORC1 substrates.All these findings demonstrate that mTORC1 signaling is involved in the regulation of many stages of autophagy,by which mTORC1 signaling seems to control the quick initiation and termination of autophagy,upon the dynamic changes of intracellular nutrient status or environmental stresses.In this paper,we review the recent studies about the role of mTORC1 signaling in the regulation of autophagy.