文化身份与伦理表达——《罗摩衍那》中的罗刹王罗波那形象研究

Cultural Identity and Ethical Expression: The Image of Rakshasa King Ravana in Rā-mayāna

印度大史诗《罗摩衍那》通过罗摩与罗波那的斗争表现了印度雅利安文明与非雅利安文明之间的矛盾。罗波那领导的罗刹族是被雅利安人征服的印度土著的代表,由征服者雅利安人书写的史诗《罗摩衍那》,对被征服者进行了对立设定,对罗刹王罗波那进行了妖魔化的形象塑造。在蚁垤创作的史诗主体部分,罗波那作为失败的英雄还受到一定的尊重,在后补的第一和第七篇,罗波那成了无恶不作的十首魔王。罗波那形象的妖魔化塑造既是对立设定的结果,也是作品伦理表达的需要。作为善的代表的罗摩,需要一个作为恶的代表的罗波那作为反衬,既树立了典范,也进行了警示,从而使作品所要表现的以"达磨"为核心的伦理体系得以确立。

The great Indian epic, Rāmayāna, represents the contradiction between the Aryan civilization and the non-Aryan civilization through the struggle between Rama and Ravana.The Rak?asas led by Ravana are the representatives of the indigenous Indians conquered by the Aryans. The epic, Rāmayāna, written by the conquering Aryans, sets the conquered up as the designated opponent and demonizes image of Rakshasa king Ravana. In the main part of the epic created by Vālmīki, Ravana was treated with certain respect as a defeated hero. But in the First and Seventh Chapters that were supplemented subsequently, Ravana is presented as the evil King. The demonization of Ravana’ s image is not only the result of portraying an opponent, but also the need of ethical expression. As a representative of good, Rama needs Ravana, a representative of evil, for a contrast, which not only sets up a role model, but also issues a warning, thus establishing what the epic intends to advocate, namely, the ethical system with “Dharma” as its core.