《次经》智慧文学对《新约》的影响

The Influence of Wisdom Literature of The Apocrypha on The New Testament

《旧约》智慧文学对《新约》的影响明显,相比而言,《次经》智慧文学对《新约》的影响较为隐晦,《新约》没有对《次经》智慧话语的直接引用,但有借用、改写、仿写。《次经》中的智慧文学名篇《便西拉智训》和《所罗门智训》极大地吸收了《旧约》、尤其是《箴言》智慧文学传统,并在希腊化语境下与希腊哲学结合起来,提出"智慧为师""智慧为道""智慧为灵"观念,对《新约》智慧观产生了直接影响。从《次经》智慧观对《新约》的影响既可以看到希腊化时期犹太教智慧观的发展,也可以看到作为异端教派的基督教智慧观的嬗变。《次经》在犹太教与基督教智慧文学之间的的过渡性及桥梁作用应得到充分肯定。

The influence of wisdom literature of The Old Testament on The New Testament is quite obvious, whereas, in contrast, the influence of wisdom literature of The Apocrypha on The New Testament is somewhat obscure. The New Testament does not have any direct quote from the wisdom discourse in The Apocrypha, but it does borrow, rewrite and parody part of it. The famous sections of wisdom literature in The Apocrypha, The Wisdom of Ben Sira and The Wisdom of Solomon, draw heavily from the tradition of wisdom literature in The Old Testament, especially The Proverbs. Moreover, through a combination with Greek philosophy in the context of Hellenization, they bring up the concepts of “wisdom as teacher,” “wisdom as way,” and “wisdom as spirit,” thus exerting a direct influence on the notion of wisdom in The New Testament. The influence that the notion of wisdom in the Apocrypha exerts on The New Testament manifests both the development of the notion of wisdom in Judaism during the Hellenistic period and the evolution of the notion of wisdom in Christianity as a heretical sect.The transitional nature of The Apocrypha and its role as a bridge between Jewish and Christian wisdom literature should be fully recognized.