5Mayer R. E. Applying the Science of Learning [M]. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2010: 94.
6Marzano R J. The Art and Science of Teaching : A Comprehensive Framework for Effective Instruction [M]. Alexandria, VA: Association for Super- vision and Curriculum Development, 2006: 19.
7Sternberg R J, Jarvin L, Grigorenko E L. Teaching for Wisdom, Intelligence, Creativity, and Success [M]. Thousand Oaks, CA.. Corwin Press, 2009: 78-79.