历时变异与现代规范:试论现代汉语词典对“×地”的处理问题

Diachronic Variation and Modern Norms:Discussion on the Treatment of“×di(地)”in Modern Chinese Dictionaries

现代汉语各词典对“×地”的处理不一致,体现在“×地”的收录、“地”的标音和异形词的附列上。出现这种不一致是因为现代汉语中的“×地”并不完全同质,这是历时变异的结果。“×地”在现代汉语中的词汇地位需在共时层面重新审视,从词义、使用和频率等方面衡量是否收录;“地”的书写形式和读音标注则要考虑历史上的发展情况。

The forms of“×di”is treated differently in different modern Chinese dictionaries.Different dictionaries may include or exclude these forms,and transcribe the character“di”differently.They also may or may not list the variants of these forms.The difference results from the heterogeneity of“×di”forms in modern Chinese,which is the result of diachronic changes.The position of“×di”forms in modern Chinese lexicons should be reconsidered from the synchronic perspective.The inclusion or exclusion of these forms should be determined by their meaning,use and frequency;and the selection of the written form and the transcription of the character di should consider the historical development of this form.