朱熹对董仲舒“正其谊不谋其利”内涵的阐释

Zhu Xi's Interpretation of the Connotation of Dong Zhongshu's"Seeking Righteousness Is not for Benefit"

朱熹推崇董仲舒“正其谊不谋其利,明其道不计其功”,既讲“正其谊,则利自在;明其道,则功自在”,又讲“无欲利之私心”,既就心性而言“仁义未尝不利”,又就现实而言“仁义未必皆利”,既反对把义与利对立起来,又反对把利与义混为一谈,对后世影响很大。但是,董仲舒所言以及朱熹的推崇多被误解为把义与利对立起来而否定功利。康有为赞同董仲舒“正其谊不谋其利,明其道不计其功”,并进一步提出“取利而和,则谓之义”,超越了朱熹,但仍需作更为深入的理论贯通和阐释。

Zhu Xi highly praised Dong Zhongshu's claim that"seeking righteousness is not for benefit;it is essential to understand the way and neglect the merits".Its connotative meaning is"there is benefit in seeking righteousness;there are merits in understanding the way".Also,Zhu Xi once said"benevolence and righteousness are not disadvantageous"and"benevolence and righteousness are not always beneficial",which opposed the opposition between righteousness and benefit and the confusion between them,thus exerting a great impact on later generations.However,Dong Zhongshu's words and Zhu Xi's praise are often misunderstood as the opposition between righteousness and benefit and the negation of merit and benefit.Kang Youwei agreed with Dong Zhongshu's idea that"seeking righteousness is not for benefit;it is essential to understand the way and neglect the merits",and further proposed that"to obtain benefits and to be harmonious is the righteousness",which surpasses Zhu Xi,but it still needs more in-depth theoretical analysis and interpretation。