中国公共卫生应急指挥的逻辑进路——动态调适与效能增进

The Logical Route to the Emergency Command Practice in China's Public Health System——Dynamic Adaptation and Effectiveness Enhancement

近年来,我国不断推动公共卫生应急指挥系统改革,强化了集中统一领导体制和跨部门协调联动机制,在实践中表现出动态调适的运作特征,显示出独特的制度优势与响应绩效。尽管如此,“新冠疫情”的巨大冲击引发了新的挑战,现实应急指挥系统主要表现为权力集中与功能模糊的隐性冲突、指挥平台衔接与行为异化、信息壁垒与风险沟通阻滞、基层执行能力不足等困境。由此形成的综合效应反映出应急体系的深层矛盾,也是中国公共卫生应急指挥体制需要优化的重要方面。中国公共卫生应急指挥系统需要彰显既有的制度优势,以实践中存在的问题为导向,以政府治理能力的提升为根本,通过加强自身改革实现更高水平的效能转化。这是公共卫生应急治理现代化和领导指挥体制跃升的必然进路。

In the past two decades,China's public health emergency command system has not remained static but gradually adjusted in practice and state emergency reform,and at the same time it continuously strengthened the centralized and unified leadership system as well as the target of cross sectoral coordination.Nevertheless,the COVID-19 huge impacts have triggered new challenges for the current emergency command system with prominent loopholes,among which the following factors are more reflected:(1)the exposure of hidden conflicts by power centralization and function ambiguity(2)the pressure from command platform convergence and the alienated behavior(3)the information disclosure and risk communication blocks(4)the dilemma of grass-roots implementation ability.These challenges reflect deep contradictions of the current emergency system,but also provides space for optimization.In the future,China's public health emergency command system should highlight the established advantages,stress practical issues,make government capacity enhancement as the basis,and tend to achieve a higher level of effectiveness through its own reform.This is the inevitable path for the modernization of public health emergency management and the optimization of command system.