个人信息保护中告知同意规则的立法纾困

Legislative Relief of Notification and Consent Rule in Personal Information Protection

我国立法对告知同意规则的适用采用了以预设构成要件为主的先定性调整模式。目前已取得了一定的成效,但仍旧存在一些问题,如存在未考虑信息处理场景的复杂性,信息主体意思自治受限、博弈机会丧失等问题。告知同意规则中个人信息的权益属性以及合同双方的博弈性均与调适性调整模式的动态性及灵活性相契合。就此,应当将调适性调整模式引入告知同意规则当中。具体而言,应当引入场景区分规则,在信息收集场景下削弱告知同意规则的免责及减责作用,在其他信息处理场景下明确信息处理者告知义务的履行范围,在合同履行中限制信息主体单方变更权的行使,赋予信息主体“违约+精神损害”的救济请求权。

China's legislation adopts a pre-qualitative adjustment mode based on preset constituent elements for the rule of notification and consent.At present,it has achieved fruitful results,but there are still some problems,such as ignoring the complexity of information processing scenarios,the limited meaning autonomy of information subjects,the loss of game opportunities and so on.The interest nature of personal information and the game nature of contract are consistent with the dynamics and flexibility of the adaptability adjustment model.Therefore,the adaptive adjustment model should be introduced into the notification and consent rule.Specifically,we should introduce the scene distinction rule,weaken the exemption and reduction role of the notification and consent rule in the information collection scene,clarify the performance scope of the information processor's notification obligation in other information processing scenes,limit the exercise of the information subject's unilateral change right in the contract performance,and give the information subject the right to claim relief of breach of contract&mental damage.