秦代兵马俑兵皮甲复原研究--以兵1-02525皮甲为例

Research on the leather armor restoration of Qin Terracotta Warriors:A case study of the leather armor of Warrior 1-02525

甲胄作为冷兵器战争的伴生品,在古代军事、礼乐、外交乃至丧葬中有着重要作用。文章总结了前人对秦始皇陵兵马俑及秦甲K9801T2G2甲1的研究,根据其时代背景及社会生产力详细分析了秦兵1-02525皮甲的形制结构、编缀方法及具体制作工艺。利用现代3D视图设计、现代皮革制作和天然染料染色技术,完成了兵1-02525皮甲复制品。通过此次复原,进一步深化了秦甲复刻的设计、工艺、染色、精细化处理及应用等方面的探索,为体系化研究中国特色的甲胄文化打下了坚实基础。

As the accompanying product of the cold weapon war,armor has played an important role in ancient military affairs,rites and music,diplomacy and even funerals.As a part of Chinese ancient culture,China’s ancient armor culture has typical national characteristics and historical connotation,which is of great research value.Due to the influence of productivity,scientific and technological level and social system in the Warring States Period,Qin armor exhibited typical historical features and technological characteristics,and was in a state of coexistence of leather armor and iron armor in the same historical period.Among them,the production technology of leather armor in the Qin Dynasty tended to be complete and reached the peak in the development history of leather armor.However,due to the fact that leather armor is composed of non-preservable collagen fibers,no physical leather armor in the archaeological excavations in the Qin and Han Dynasties has been preserved intactly.Therefore,relevant information can only be found in the stone armors of the Qin Terracotta Warriors.In order to deeply study the Qin armor from the perspective of scientific and technological development and cultural inheritance,this paper summarized the previous research results of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum Terracotta Warriors and No.1 Qin armor K9801T2G2,analyzed in detail the shape and structure,the weaving method and the specific manufacturing process of Qin Warrior 1-02525 leather armor according to its historical background and social productivity.The replication process of Warrior 1-02525 leather armor was completed using modern 3D view design techniques,modern leather preparation technology and natural dyeing technology.It is found that the armor structure of Warrior 1-02525 is composed of two parts for body armor and arm armor,and body armor is divided into three parts for collar armor,primary body armor and hem armor.The weaving method of armor suit is arranged and laminated in different parts according to five basic rules and principles.The breastplate armor and the back plate armor are fixed,and the shoulder plate armor and the hem armor are flexible to meet the needs of human movement and combat needs.The body armors are connected by three strands of flaxen rope with the diameter of 3 mm,and the shoulder armor and the hem armor are connected by three strands of flaxen rope with the diameter of 4 mm.The whole armor suit is equipped with a flexible opening and closing device convenient for wearing and preservation.The restoration process of leather armor can be divided into the steps of knife mold making,modification and matching,armor plate pressing,punching and finishing,lacquer dyeing,weaving and grouping,etc.In the process of lacquer dyeing,natural plants such as galla chinensis and sappanwood are used to extract dyes as the source of the black and red colors on the leather armor,which is consistent with historic and scientific characteristics.In the process of restoration,the ergonomic design philosophy of Qin leather armor is investigated based on 3D modeling design and the optimal size range and envisioned effect of Qin leather armor restoration are obtained from the aspects of its design structure,artistry and practicality with reference to archaeological examples.From the restoration process of Warrior 1-02525 leather armor,it can be seen that the obtained leather armor obtained meets the practical requirements of military rank,specialization,refinement and lightweight.The design and production process is scientific,standardized and reasonable.The shape and structure of physical restoration armor is generous,solemn and full of pre-Qin characteristics.The systematic restoration of Warrior 1-02525 leather armor further deepens the exploration and practice of design,technology,dyeing,fine processing and application of Qin leather armor restoration based on the research of archaeological historical data from the perspectives of cultural and historical development,ancient ergonomics practice and improvement of production standards.It has laid a solid foundation for systematic study of armor culture with Chinese characteristics.