卵巢衰老的机制研究及抗卵巢衰老策略

Mechanisms of Ovarian Aging and Strategies for Anti-Ovarian Aging

雌性生殖衰老(卵巢衰老)相比其他机体器官衰老发生更早,卵巢衰老不仅使女性丧失生殖能力,还会引发与生殖衰老相关的慢性疾病,严重影响女性身心健康。阐明卵巢衰老的调控机制对于延缓卵巢衰老、治疗卵巢早衰至关重要。本文结合其他实验室有关重要发现,主要总结卵子数量下降(如成年卵巢无新生卵子)和卵子质量下降(包括端粒、氧化应激、表观遗传等)调控卵巢衰老机制的研究进展,并探讨关于卵巢微环境包括颗粒细胞对卵子质量下降的影响,以及针对雌激素替代疗法和内分泌调节疗法等作用在卵巢颗粒细胞的机制,提出利用干细胞及端粒再生技术重建卵巢生殖及内分泌功能的新方法,为延缓卵巢衰老、治疗卵巢早衰、不孕不育提供理论及实验基础,以期实现健康衰老的目标。

Female reproductive aging(ovarian aging)occurs earlier than aging of other somatic organs.Ovarian aging not only impedes female reproductive ability,but also causes chronic diseases related to reproductive aging,which seriously affects female reproduction and health.Therefore,elucidating the regulatory mechanism of ovarian aging is essential for delaying ovarian aging and treating premature ovarian failure.The decline in the number and quality of eggs contributes significantly to the ovarian aging.In this progress report mainly based on our data,together with important findings from other laboratories,we summarize the characteristics and mechanisms of ovarian aging such as lack of neo-oogenesis and declined quality of oocytes with respects of telomere,oxidative stress,epigenetics,and mitochondria.In addition,the ovarian microenvironment including the effect of granulosa cells on the decline of egg quality,and the mechanism of estrogen replacement therapy and endocrine regulation therapy on ovarian granulosa cells is also briefly discussed.We have attempted application of stem cells and telomere regeneration methods to reconstruct ovarian reproduction and endocrine functions,providing theoretical and experimental basis for delaying ovarian aging,treating premature ovarian failure and infertility,and propose potential strategies to achieve the goal of healthy aging.