江南园林中的文人精神浅析——以无锡寄畅园为例

Analysis of the Literati Spirit of Jiangnan Gardens: A Case Study of Wuxi Jichang Garden

从时代变迁之视镜洞观中国古典园林,最具“精神”的莫过于明清江南园林。寄畅园作为江南园林的典型个案,始终受锡山秦氏家族传承之影响,彰显了不同时期的文人精神和家族风貌。其文源体现隐逸风情和诗画情意;文脉贯穿于寄畅园初建、转折、改建和兴盛各时期,从最初的山林原野到臻入佳境;文体集中体现在山水、植物和建筑方面,园林山水具有环山而园、山水相依的特点;园林植物具有错落搭配、时序有节等特点;园林建筑以“凤谷行窝”为特色,集诗书文化于一体。探析寄畅园文人精神不仅可观察江南“山水园林”之实,亦可知文学望族孝友传承之礼,以及江南文人乐知天命、隐遁自然之风骨。

When looking at classical Chinese gardens from the perspective of the changing times,there is nothing more “spiritual” than the gardens of the Ming and Qing dynasties.As a typical example of Jiangnan gardens,the Jichang Garden has always been influenced by the inheritance of the Xishan Qin’s family,revealing the literati character and the family-style of different periods.Its literary sources reflect a sense of seclusion and picturesque charm.The cultural lineage runs through the initial construction,transformation,alteration and flourishing,from the original wilderness of the mountains to its perfection.The literary style is concentrated in landscape,flora and architecture,the gardens are characterized by the interdependence of mountains and water.The garden plants are characterized by a staggering mix and a seasonal sequence.And the garden architecture is characterized by the “Fenggu Xingwo”,which integrates poetry and calligraphy culture.Through the exploration of the literati character of Jichang garden,it is possible to observe not only the facts of the “landscape gardens” of Jiangnan gardens,but also to understand the rituals of the literary family’s filial heritage,and the literati of the south of the Yangtze River were happy to know their destiny and to escape from nature.