马克思的社会转型思想

Marx’s Idea of Social Transformation

马克思所处的时代正是西方社会从传统向现代的转型时代,不同的学者从不同的立场出发,对这一转型进行了不同的分析,浪漫主义、自然主义、批判的改良主义构成了当时的主要思潮。马克思在其思想发展的不同阶段,对资本主义社会变迁有着不同的理解。在撰写博士论文及主编《莱茵报》时期,他以理性的自我意识为基础批判德国封建的专制制度。1844年之后,马克思通过整合哲学、政治经济学和社会主义思潮,描述了从中世纪到近代资本主义社会的转型过程,形成了以异化逻辑、生产逻辑、资本逻辑为基础的三个不同阶段的批判性话语。相比于浪漫主义、自然主义、批判的改良主义,马克思提出了面向未来的重建这一思路。马克思对资本主义社会转型的思考,为我们理解当下的社会发展和变迁提供了理论指导。

Marx lived at a time when Western society was in transition from tradition to modernity,a transition that has been analyzed by different scholars from different standpoints.Romanticism,naturalism and critical reformism were the main trends of the time.At different stages in his intellectual development,Marx had different understandings of capitalist social change.While writing his doctoral thesis and editing the Rheinische Zeitung,he criticized Germany’s feudal dictatorship on the basis of rational self-consciousness.After 1844,Marx described the transition from medieval to modern capitalist society by integrating philosophy,political economy and socialist thought,forming a critical discourse based on the logic of alienation,the logic of production and the logic of capital in three distinct phases.In contrast to romanticism,naturalism and critical reformism,Marx proposed the idea of a future-oriented reconstruction.Marx’s reflections on the transformation of capitalist society provide theoretical guidance for our understanding of social development and change in the present.