明代循吏的仕履及历史贡献——以《明史·循吏传》正传循吏为中心

A Research on the Official Performance and Historical Contribution of Upright and Law-abiding Officials in Ming Dynasty

张廷玉《明史·循吏传》正传载录了30位循吏,有24人初授官职和最终任官为府县一级的地方官,占总数的80%;有26人任职时间最长的官职是府县级的主官,基本体现了“终于僚属”的群体特征。明代循吏在任官行政上,做出了较为卓越的贡献,不少人成为勤政恤民、公正执法、清正廉洁和刚直敢言方面的佼佼者。在文化方面,他们不仅为任官地区文化与风俗的发展做出了贡献,而且也是其故乡文化教育建设的推动者;至少有6人留有著述传世,主要集中在经学、史学、诗歌三个方面;经学和史学以庞嵩最具代表性,诗歌以段坚成就最高。当前,加强对明代循吏群体的研究具有重要意义。

The official biography of Zhang Tingyu's Biographies of Upright and Law-abiding Officials in the History of the Ming Dynasty contains 30 officials,24 of whom were initially appointed to official posts and eventually appointed as local officials at the prefectural and county level,accounting for 80%of the total;26 of them served the longest time.The official position is the chief official at the county level,which basically embodies the group characteristics of“finally a member of the staff”.In the Ming dynasty,upright and law-abiding officials made outstanding contributions to the administration of officials.Many people became leaders in diligence and compassion for the people,fair law enforcement,honesty and integrity,and outspokenness.In terms of culture,they not only contributed to the development of culture and customs in the official region,but also promoted the construction of cultural education in their hometown;at least 6 people have left writings and handed down to the world,mainly focusing on the three aspects of classics,history,and poetry.Pang Song is the most representative of classics and history,and Duan Jian has the highest achievement in poetry.At present,it is of great significance to strengthen the research on the upright and law-abiding officials in the Ming Dynasty.