趋同与扩延:端午节的“俗”“民”流变及其当下传承

Convergence and Extension:Transition between the“Folklore”and“Folk”of the Dragon Boat Festival and Its Current Inheritance

端午节与春节、清明节和中秋节相比,别称及其缘起成因最多,显示出端午节习俗文化内涵的多样性。端午节的习俗多样性在流变过程中呈现趋同化倾向,逐渐形成纪念屈原以及与之相关的龙舟竞渡、吃粽子等核心习俗符号。趋同化的核心习俗符号驱动地域的群体意识扩延为国民群体意识乃至国家共同体意识,端午节的“民”“俗”之间存在着复杂而又规律性的互动关系。作为核心习俗符号的“俗”之趋同及作为“民”的群体意识扩延使端午节习俗在持续的流变中不断创意传承成为可能与必要。

Compared with the Spring Festival,the Tomb-Sweeping day and the Mid-Autumn festival,the Dragon Boat Festival has the most alternative names and versions of origin,showing the diversity of the Folklore connotations of the Dragon Boat Festival.The diversity of the Folklore of the Dragon Boat Festival shows the tendency of convergence in the process of evolution,and gradually forms the core folklore symbols of commemorating Qu-Yuan and its related dragon-boat race,with eating dumplings.The core folklore symbols of convergence drive the regional group consciousness to expand into the national group consciousness and even the national community consciousness.There is a complex and regular interactive relationship between the“Folk”and“Folklore”of Dragon Boat Festival.The convergence of“Folklore”as the core folklore symbols and the expansion of group consciousness as the“Folk”make it possible and necessary to carry on the creative inheritance of the folklore in the continuous evolution of the Dragon Boat Festival.