岭北之役后北边卫所设置与关外经略

Border Guards and the Strategy on Outside Shanhaiguan Pass after the Battle of Lingbei

洪武五年(1372年),明廷三路大军北伐惨遭大败。此役过后,明廷的边疆政策发生了巨大的转变,从原本激进、积极进取的边疆策略转向谨慎、保守的守边之策。直到洪武二十一年(1388年)捕鱼儿海之战前,明廷在沿边地区设立了大量卫所,分属山西行都司、北平都司、大宁都司统辖,这些卫所多位于长城外,与洪武五年(1372年)之前所设卫所相比更凸显了“防边”的作用。与岭北之役前“大开大合”的北伐策略相比,岭北之役后明廷对北边的经略方式应属“保守的经略”。这种保守、稳固的边防战略为明廷经略辽东、降服纳哈出、捕鱼儿海大捷奠定了坚实的基础。

In 1372,Ming Court’s three main forces were defeated in the northern expedition.After the defeat of the Battle of Lingbei,the border policy of the Ming court has changed from positive to negative.Until the Battle of Buir Lake in 1388,Ming Court had set up a large number of Guards in the border area,which were under the command of Shanxi military system,Beiping military system and Daning military system.Compared with the Guards which had been set up before,most of the guards set up during this period were located outside of the Great Wall.It was this conservative but stable border defense strategy that laid a solid foundation for the Ming Court to conquer the Liaodong,defeat Nayacu and win the Battle of Buir Lake.