沿江双季稻北缘区气象要素分布及其对双季稻生长发育的影响

Distribution of meteorological elements and their effects on the growth and development of double-cropping rice along the northern margin of the Yangtze river

为探究沿江地区双季稻生产季主要气象要素分布及其对双季稻生育特征的影响,以18个常规早、晚稻品种为供试材料,连续3年进行定位栽培试验。结果表明,双季稻生产季气象要素分布与其生长发育密切相关,早稻季移栽期日均温与缓苗时间(-0.725**)呈极显著负相关,移栽期至始穗期日最低温度与单位面积有效穗数(0.564**)和产量(0.805**)呈极显著正相关,抽穗扬花期日降水量与结实率(-0.695**)呈极显著负相关,灌浆期日降水量与结实率(-0.663**)呈极显著负相关,日照时数与产量(0.535**)呈极显著正相关;晚稻季移栽期日均温与缓苗时间(0.787**)呈极显著正相关,抽穗扬花期日降水量与结实率(-0.741**)、产量(-0.565**)呈极显著负相关,灌浆期日降水量与结实率(-0.663**)呈极显著负相关,灌浆期日均温和日照时数(0.504**)、产量(0.718**)呈极显著正相关,灌浆期日降水量与产量(-0.601*)呈显著负相关。沿江双季稻北缘区可通过配置熟期适宜温光高效利用双季稻品种,优化播期和茬口衔接,培育适龄壮苗,强化大田避灾栽培,提高光温资源利用,降低双季稻生产风险,提高稻米品质与产量。

In order to explore the distribution of main meteorological factors and their effects on the growth characteristics of doublecropping rice in northern,arginal area of Yangtze river,taking the 18 double-cropping rice varieties as the test material,and were used for three years test.The results showed that the distribution of meteorological elements in double-cropping rice was closely relat⁃ed to its growth and development.The average daily temperature during transplanting period was significantly negatively correlated with the delay time of survival in early rice season(-0.725**),the minimum daily temperature from transplanting period to initial pan⁃icle stage was significantly positively correlated with effective panicles number per unit area(0.564**)and yield(0.805**),and the daily precipitation during heading and flowering period was significantly negatively correlated with the seed setting rate(-0.695**),there was a significantly negative correlation between daily precipitation and seed setting rate(-0.663**),and a significantly positive correlation between hours of sunshine and yield(0.535**);there was a significantly positive correlation between daily average temper⁃ature and time of survival(0.787**),there was a significantly negative correlation between daily precipitation and seed setting rate(-0.741**)and yield(-0.565**)at heading and flowering stage,a significantly negative correlation between daily precipitation and seed setting rate(-0.663**),and a significantly positively correlation between daily average temperature and hours of sunshine(0.504**)and yield(0.718**),at filling stage with yield there was a significantly negative correlation between daily precipitation and yield(-0.601*).In the northern border area of of double-cropping rice along the Yangtze river,we can choose suitable growth stage and efficient utilization of temperature and light resources of double-cropping rice varieties,optimize the connection between sow⁃ing date and stubble,cultivate healthy seedlings of the right age,strengthen field cultivation to avoid disasters,improve the utilization of light and temperature resources,reduce the production risk of double cropping rice,and improve the quality and yield of rice.