基于资源环境承载力约束的多目标协同国土空间优化——以晋中市为例

Multi-objective collaborative optimization of territorial space based on the constraints of resource carrying capacity:A case study of Jinzhong city

基于资源环境承载力评价,识别短板要素,确定最大承载规模,进行国土空间优化布局。运用加权求和模型进行晋中市资源环境承载力评价,并测算出短板要素约束下的承载规模,利用耦合多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型得到生态保护、粮食安全、经济增长和均衡发展4个情景下的土地利用类型数量结构和最优情景下的空间布局。结果表明,各类空间的本底资源环境承载力和现状资源环境承载力均受水资源限制,水资源短缺是未来影响晋中市可持续发展的瓶颈;水资源约束条件下的可承载城镇建设用地面积为343.35 km^(2),农村建设用地面积为746.17 km^(2),耕地面积为3683.50 km^(2)。建设用地面积存在不同程度的超载。基于多目标遗传算法得到4种情景下的优化方案,对比分析发现均衡发展情景下的生态效益达252.43亿元,经济效益达13650.17亿元,综合效益优于另外3种情景。

Based on the assessment of resources and environment carrying capacity,the weak points was identified,the maximum carrying capacity scale was determined,and the distribution of territorial space was optimized.Taking Jinzhong city as the study area,the carrying capacity under the constraints of short boards was calculated based on the analysis of resource carrying capacity in the study area.The quantitative structure of land use types and the spatial distribution of optimal scenario under the four scenarios of eco⁃logical protection,food security,economic growth and balanced development were obtained by coupling multi-objective genetic algo⁃rithm and FLUS model.The results showed that the background resource and carrying capacities of current environmental and resource for all types of space were restricted by water resource,and the shortage of water resource was the bottleneck that would affect the sus⁃tainable development of Jinzhong city in the future;The carrying area of urban construction was 343.35 km^(2),rural construction was 746.17 km^(2),and arable land was 3683.50 km^(2) under the restriction of water resource;The area of construction was overloaded in dif⁃ferent extent.The optimized schemes under the four scenarios were obtained based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm;The sce⁃nario of balanced development was the best among the four scenarios,and the national spatial structure were more reasonable;Its eco⁃logical benefit was 25.243 billion,the economic benefit was 1365.017 billion,the comprehensive benefit was better than the other three scenarios.