轨道交通地下停车场防排烟设计探讨

Research on Smoke Control Design of Rail Transit Underground Parking Lot

为制定轨道交通地下停车场防排烟设计标准,以某地铁线路的地下双层停车场为对象,深入分析停车场防排烟设计规范。从建筑火灾危险性等级、人员密度、安全疏散时间等角度出发,结合近年颁布的行业规范,探讨轨道交通地下停车场防排烟设计方案及原则。通过建立最不利火灾场景,采用理论分析及火灾三维数值模拟方法,对停车库内烟气流动、安全疏散环境进行模拟分析,得到人员疏散可利用时间。结果表明:库区内火源分布及烟气扩散具有纵向特征,建议按1列车长控制防烟分区长边长度;库房区域发生火灾时,人员必需的安全疏散时间短,所需排烟量参考日本学者提出的经验公式计算结果可行。

In order to effectively draft a smoke control design standard of the rail transit underground parking lot,this paper takes an underground two-level parking lot in a subway as the object and conducts a deep analysis on the relevant smoke control design standard.Starting from aspects of fire danger level of buildings,occupant density and safety evacuation time,and combining with industry standards launched in recent years,the paper makes a research on smoke control design plan and principles for rail transit underground parking lot.By establishing the most disadvantageous fire scene,the paper adopts theoretical analysis and three-dimensional numerical simulation methods to perform simulation analyses on smoke flow and safe evacuation environment to obtain available time for occupant evacuation.The results show that fire source distribution and smoke diffusion in the parking lot have a longitudinal characteristic,and it is suggested that the length of a train should be taken as the length of the long side for smoke control area;in the event of a fire in the parking lot,the occupant evacuation time should be short,and the required smoke exhaust rate can be calculated with reference to the empirical formula proposed by Japanese scholars.