秀珍菇菌糠对红心火龙果产量、品质及土壤质量的影响

Effects of the Fungal Residues of Pleurotus geesteranus on Yield and Quality of Red Pitaya and Soil Quality

为了探明菌糠对火龙果产量、品质及火龙果园土壤理化性质的影响,达到减肥增效作用,以2年生金都红心火龙果为供试材料,化肥氮量减少20%~40%,进行"化肥+菌糠+有机肥"不同用量的5个处理试验,研究在总氮不变的情况下,菌糠、有机肥的有机替化对火龙果产量、品质及土壤的影响。结果表明,施用菌糠能提高火龙果的产量、单果重及果实的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物及果实N、P、K等含量。处理5(40%化肥氮+30%菌糠氮+30%有机肥氮)综合表现最佳,试验结束后,与处理1(100%化肥氮磷钾)相比,土壤pH提高0.2个单位,有机质提高7.74%,碱解氮提高5.54%,有效磷提高8.29%,速效钾提高11.62%,土壤容重降低7.70%,产量提高11.67%,都达到了显著效果。本研究结论为,秀珍菇菌糠能有效改善火龙果园土壤的理化性质,提高火龙果的产量和质量,从而达到节肥增效的作用。

Fungus residues were used as substrates to observe their effect on the yield and quality ofpitaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus) and the soil physical and chemical properties in pitaya orchards to reduce chemical fertilizer and increase fertilizer efficiency. Two-year-old red pitaya ‘Jindu’ was cultured on the mixture of substrates of chemical fertilizer, fungus residues and organic fertilizer at 5 different rates(designed as 5 treatments) to observe the effect of the replacement of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by 20%~40% with fungus residues and organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of pitaya and the soil under the condition of constant total nitrogen in the mixture. The results showed that the fungus residues increased the yield and weight per a fruit of the pitaya as well as the fruit contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, soluble solids, N, P and K. Compared to the treatment 1, the treatment 5 had the best comprehensive performance: the soil pH increased by 0.2 units, the organic matter content increased by 7.74%, the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content increased by 5.54%, the available phosphorus content increased by 8.29%, the available potassium content increased by 11.62%, the soil bulk density decreased by 7.70%, and the yield increased by 11.67%, indicating all these indicators had achieved remarkable results. These results illustrated that the fungi residues of P. geesteranus can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the pitaya orchard soil, and increase the yield and quality of pitaya, which achieve the effect of saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency.