云南怒江不同海拔地区草果挥发性物质成分鉴定与分析

Identification and Analysis of Volatile Compounds from Amomum tsao-ko in the Areas of Different Elevations in Nujiang,Yunnan

草果中含有多种挥发性物质,使用气相色谱-离子阱质谱联用仪(ISQ GC-MS)对云南省怒江州泸水市不同海拔地区的草果果实、茎段、叶片3个不同部位挥发性物质的组分进行鉴定分析。结果表明,不同海拔地区的挥发性成分相似,但含量占比存在差异;不同部位的挥发性成分含量占比也存在差异。各个部位中占比最高的均为桉叶油醇。通过比较分析发现,叶片中醇类物质占比最多,茎秆中烯类物质占比最多,果实中占比最多的是烯类。其中卯照村(1 627 m)叶片和茎秆中醇类物质占比高于其他地区,卯照村(1 627 m)果实中烯类物质占比高于其他地区。选取含量较高的4个挥发性成分与5个地区草果样品的海拔进行灰色关联度分析,发现海拔对草果叶片与茎秆中桉叶油醇影响最大,对果实中β-蒎烯影响较大。

Amomum tsao-ko contains many volatile substances. Samples of A. tsao-ko plants were collected from five areas with different altitudes in Yunnan province, and a variety of volatile substances extracted from three different parts, fruit, stalk and leaves, of A. tsao-ko were identified and analyzed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry(ISQ GC-MS). The results showed that the volatile components of A. tsao-ko were similar in different parts of the plant but their contents varied.Eucalyptol has the highest content among the volatile components in all the parts of the plants. Comparative analysis revealed that the leaves and stalks contain the highest alcohols, while the fruit contains the highest alkenes. The alcohol contents in the leaves and stalks are higher in Maoshao village(1 627 m) than in other areas, and the content of alkenes in fruits is higher in the Maoshao village(1 627 m) than in other areas. Four volatile components with higher content were selected to analyze their gray correlation with the altitude of the fruit samples collected from the five areas. It was found that the altitude had the highest influence on the contents of cineole in the leaves and stalks of A. tsao-ko, and higher influence on the content of β-pinene in the fruit.