大电流稀土熔盐电解槽槽型研究进展

Research Progress on Model Cell of High Current Rare Earth Reduction Cell

电解槽是稀土电解厂的主体设备,电解槽的结构对于电解质量和电解经济技术指标具有很大的影响。传统的电解槽大多偏向小型化,存在分布散乱、电解效率低等问题,槽体大型化是其发展趋势。综述了大电流稀土电解槽的四种主要槽型:阴阳极上插式稀土电解槽、底部阴极稀土电解槽、套筒式稀土电解槽和集群式电极垂直布置稀土电解槽。讨论分析不同槽型结构参数在实际生产中的应用及其对于电解条件下物理场的影响。每个槽结构都有各自的优势,但是依旧存在着稀土金属溶解及其二次氧化损失、阳极石墨及槽体石墨氧化严重、熔盐挥发等问题。底部阴极稀土电解槽和集群式稀土电解槽对于稀土金属的二次氧化问题明显减少,适用于大电流电解环境,是重要的发展方向。

Electrolyzer is the main equipment of rare earth electrolysis plant.The structure of reduction cell has great influence on electrolysis quality and economic technical indexes.Most of the traditional reduction cells tend to be miniaturized,and have problems of scattered distribution and low electrolysis efficiency.So the large tank is its development trend.In this paper,four main types of high current rare earth reduction cells are summarized:anode and cathode up plug rare earth cell,bottom cathode rare earth cell,sleeve rare earth cell and rare earth electrolyzer with cluster electrodes arranged vertically.The application of different cell structure parameters in actual production and their influence on the physical field under electrolysis conditions are discussed and analyzed.Each tank has its own advantages.However,there are still some problems,such as rare earth metal dissolution and secondary oxidation loss,serious oxidation of anode graphite and tank graphite and volatilization of molten salt in the system.The bottom cathode rare earth electrolytic cell and cluster rare earth electrolytic cell have significantly reduced the problem of secondary oxidation of rare earth metals,and are suitable for high current electrolytic environment,which is an important development direction.