灌区灌溉水利用效率分析与节水改造研究

Analysis of Irrigation Water Utilization Efficiency and Countermeasures on Water Saving Reform in Irrigation District

以某地区2007-2016年灌溉用水水利用效率为研究对象,分析其变化规律及提出相应的节水改造对策,主要得到以下成果:2007-2012年,该区域的大型灌区水利用效率呈直线增加,2012-2016年,增加速率较缓;2007-2013年,该区域的中型灌区水利用效率由0.4918增加至0.5320,增加了8.17%,2007-2010年,该区域的小型灌区水利用效率变化较大,2007-2016年,该区域纯井灌区水利用效率逐渐增大;通过有效的管理水资源的利用及对农户的教育可以有效提高灌区水利用效率;建设节水减水工程、改变灌溉方式可以提高水资源的利用效率;通过采用深层耕种、覆膜或秸秆覆盖等方式可以提高土壤的保水能力。

Taking the irrigation water use efficiency of an area from 2007 to 2016 as the research object,this paper analyzes its change law and puts forward corresponding water-saving transformation countermeasures.The main results are as follows:from 2007 to 2012,the water use efficiency of large irrigation areas in this area increased linearly,and the increase rate was slow from 2012 to 2016;the water use efficiency of medium-sized irrigation districts in the region increased from 0.4918 to 0.5320,an increase of 8.17%.The water use efficiency of small irrigation areas has changed greatly.From 2007 to 2016,the water use efficiency of pure well irrigation areas in the region has gradually increased;through effective management of water resource use and education of farmers can effectively improve the water use efficiency of irrigation areas;Building water-saving and water reduction projects and changing irrigation methods can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources;The water holding capacity of soil can be improved by deep cultivation,film mulching or straw mulching.