山地丘陵区乡村聚落景观格局演变特征及其影响因素——以平果市为例

Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlement Landscape Pattern in Mountainous and Hilly Region Take Pingguo City as an Example

乡村聚落演变具有显著的地域差异性,研究视角、研究内容日益多元化,研究方法日益科学化。该研究以平果市为案例区,从景观生态学视角,用GIS空间分析和定量评估等方法,分析山地丘陵区乡村聚落景观格局的演变特征及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)2009—2018年,乡村聚落数量和总面积呈扩张态势,斑块平均面积缩减,新增乡村聚落规模小型化趋势明显,但各乡镇间地域差异性显著,全市乡村聚落密度分布呈"南北集聚,中部稀疏"的格局特征,城镇周边的高密度"核"集聚区域不断拓展,个别乡镇聚落蔓延度增加较多,有沿交通线呈带状蔓延趋势;(2)高程、坡度、河流等地理环境因子以及区位条件、农户生活水平、工业化与城镇化、政策制度与政府调控等社会经济因子是推动乡村聚落景观格局演变的重要因素。

The evolution of landscape pattern and its influencing factors is of great significance to systematically building a coordinated development pattern of population,land,industry and other factors to boost rural revitalization.Taking Pingguo City of Guangxi as a case,this paper analyzes the spatial pattern of settlement landscape and its influencing factors by using landscape ecology,GIS spatial analysis and quantitative evaluation methods.Research shows that:(1)2009-2018,number and area of city,villages and towns in rural settlements expanded,the average patch area reduced,the size miniaturization trend of new rural settlement was obvious,but regional differences between all the villages and towns,distribution of rural settlements in the city density were the pattern of“northsouth agglomeration,central area sparse”characteristics,high density“nuclear”agglomeration areas around town continued to expand.The spreading degree of individual villages and towns increased more,and showed a zonal spreading trend along the traffic line.(2)Geographical environment factors such as elevation factor,slope factor,river factor and location conditions,farmers’ living standard,industrialization and urbanization,policy and institution and government regulation and control were the important driving factors that promoted the evolution and development of rural settlements landscape pattern.